The Big Bang Theory

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  1. 2. The lightest, simplest, and most abundant chemical element, atomic number 1.
  2. 4. The physical science devoted to studying everything outside Earth's atmosphere, including the composition, motion, evolution, and positions of celestial bodies like stars, planets, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.
  3. 5. A pioneering American astronomer who fundamentally changed scientific understanding of the cosmos by proving the existence of other galaxies and demonstrating that the universe is expanding.
  4. 10. An American radio astronomer who co-discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation.
  5. 13. The cooled remnant thermal radiation (fossil light) left over from the "recombination" epoch, approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
  6. 16. A massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
  7. 17. A colorless, odorless, tasteless, and inert noble gas with atomic number 2.
  8. 18. German-born theoretical physicist.
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  1. 1. German-American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate who provided definitive evidence for the Big Bang theory by co-discovering the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation.
  2. 3. English astrophysicist best known for developing the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, proving that heavy elements are formed inside stars.
  3. 6. The entire, continuous range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from low-energy, long-wavelength radio waves to high-energy, short-wavelength gamma rays.
  4. 7. The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy that exists.
  5. 8. The narrow segment of the electromagnetic spectrum typically spanning wavelengths from approximately 380–400 nanometers (nm) to 700–780 nm—that can be detected by the human eye.
  6. 9. The prevailing cosmological model explaining that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot, dense singularity.
  7. 11. An apparatus for photographing or otherwise recording spectra.
  8. 12. The capacity to do work, cause change, or move matter, measured in joules.
  9. 14. A fundamental astronomical phenomenon where light from an object moving away from an observer stretches to longer, redder wavelengths, indicating an expanding universe.
  10. 15. The decrease in wavelength (and increase in frequency) of electromagnetic radiation, such as light, emitted by an object moving toward an observer.