The Birth of Marine Science

1. Studied coral reefs and barnacles, HMS Beagle
8. Theory that the deep sea was barren of life
10. Expedition considered the birth of oceanography, 1872-1876
11. A highly precise, portable clock used to determine a ship's longitude at sea
12. A powerful form of ship developed in the 18th century that used steam for power
16. A Key scientist on the challenger expedition

2. Iron-hulled steamer built for deep-ocean exploration
3. Captain of the HMS Beagle
4. Ship used by Charles Darwin
5. Proposed the Azoic theory—mistakenly believed no life existed below 300 fathoms
6. Challenged Edward Forbes “Azoic Theory”
7. Creator of the Stazione Zoologica
9. Documented rich marine life in the North Pacific
13. Captain that led the HMS challenger expedition
14. Known as the "Father of Oceanography" or physical oceanography
15. Captain of the HMS Challenger