Across
- 4. - English king who declared himself the supreme head of the Church of England.
- 9. - Spanish monarchs who established strong national forces.
- 10. - French king during the Babylonian Captivity.
- 12. - A group of non-aristocratic subjects replacing the nobility in decision-making.
- 13. - The political system in which power is held through land ownership.
- 16. - The practice that reduced the aristocracy to a royal entourage.
- 17. - French king associated with the Babylonian Captivity.
- 18. - Legislation that separated England from the Catholic Church.
- 19. - Non-religious; a key idea in Renaissance governance.
Down
- 1. - Principle in England that pressured the king to include more subjects in Parliament.
- 2. - The class of wealthy landowners who lost power.
- 3. - The period of cultural revolution, meaning "rebirth."
- 5. - New source of revenue from the middle class that empowered monarchies.
- 6. - A work by Machiavelli advocating secular rule.
- 7. - New social class that emerged during the Renaissance and was involved in monarchies.
- 8. Captivity - The event in which the church seat was moved to Avignon, France.
- 11. - French king during the Babylonian Captivity.
- 14. - Florentine writer who stressed secular rule.
- 15. - Relating to the system of land ownership and class structure before the Renaissance.
