The Cardiovascular System

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Across
  1. 3. contraction
  2. 6. valve that prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle into left atrium
  3. 7. smooth muscle in the tunica media relax, widening the diameter of the blood vessel to increase blood flow, decreasing blood pressure
  4. 9. fluid between the visceral and parietal pericardium that reduces friction from heart movements
  5. 13. depolarization as ventricular muscles repolarize
  6. 16. upper chamber of the heart that receives blood returning to the heart
  7. 17. lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps blood out
  8. 18. tendinae strong fibrous strings that attach to the cusps of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, going into the ventricles; originate from papillary muscle, keep tricuspid and bicuspid valves from everting (flipping back)
  9. 19. tunica ___________ - innermost layer of the wall of a blood vessel, consists of the endothelium resting on a connective tissue membrane
  10. 21. the circuit of the cardiovascular system that pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
  11. 23. valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow
  12. 26. the smallest diameter blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules; walls are endothelium and so thin that substances in the blood can be exchanged for substances in fluids of the surrounding tissue
  13. 27. - smooth muscle encircling the opening to a capillary that can constrict or dilate to control blood flow to a capillary
  14. 28. valves preventing backflow into ventricles, consists of pulmonary and aortic valves
  15. 31. strong, elastic vessels used to transport blood away from the heart under relatively high pressure
  16. 32. node triggered by the SA node, causes contraction of ventricular heart muscle
  17. 35. fibers special cardia muscle cells that transmit a cardiac impulse from the atria to the AV node
  18. 36. recording of the electrical charges in the (myocardium) during a cardiac cycle
  19. 37. inner layer of the wall of the heart – consists of epithelium and underlying connective tissue w/elastic and collagen fibers. Contains blood vessels and Purkinjie fibers
  20. 38. wall that divides left and right sides of the heart
  21. 39. layer of the pericardium that covers the inside of the fibrous pericardium
  22. 40. the system that pumps blood throughout the body, composed of the heart and a series of vessels
Down
  1. 1. a very small vein
  2. 2. very small arteries
  3. 3. circuit of the cardiovascular system that pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
  4. 4. smooth muscle in the tunica media contract, reducing the diameter of the blood vessel to lessen blood flow, increasing blood pressure
  5. 5. the cycle throughout which the atria and ventricles contract and relax, consisting of one full heartbeat
  6. 8. dilation/relaxing/not contracting
  7. 10. valve that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
  8. 11. inner layer of the pericardium, outer layer of the heart wall - covers the heart, reduces friction. Serous membrane
  9. 12. the initial depolarization after the SA node triggers a cardiac impulse
  10. 14. a mass of merging muscle cells that work as a unit – found in the atrial walls, and in the ventricular walls
  11. 15. a small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue (a node) that stimulates itself to reach threshold; rhythmically causes the contraction of atrial heart muscle (the pacemaker)
  12. 16. thing that branches into Purkinjie fibers, transmit the signal from the AV node to the rest of the ventricles
  13. 17. returns blood to the heart, has a larger lumen and thinner walls
  14. 20. thick middle layer of the wall of the heart – consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers
  15. 21. interval between a P wave and a QRS complex
  16. 22. valves between the atrium and the ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valves
  17. 24. outer layer of the pericardium, toughest
  18. 25. spread the signal from the AV node to the ventricular muscle cells
  19. 29. tunica ___________ the middle layer of the wall of a blood vessel, includes smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
  20. 30. greater deflection resulting from the depolarization of the ventricles before contraction of the ventricular walls, obscures atrial repolarization
  21. 33. tunica ___________ the outer layer of a blood vessel, consists of connective tissue and attaches the blood vessel to the surrounding tissue
  22. 34. the valve that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle