The Cardiovascular System-Avani Sethi

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Across
  1. 3. bulk of the matter of the heart wall; middle layer, made up of cardiac muscle
  2. 5. small diameter vessels part of microcirculation; derived from arteries branching when they reach the organs they are supplying O2, nutrients, etc too
  3. 7. type of cell that do the mechanical work of pumping; are 99% of cardiac muscle cells
  4. 9. Which atrium receives O2-poor blood from the systemic venous circulation through the inferior&superior vena cava veins
  5. 10. What is is called once a certain membrane potential is reached?
  6. 13. smallest blood tubes formed from when arterioles branch; help connect arterioles to venules
  7. 16. period of cardiac cycle with contraction and emptying
  8. 19. nervous system that controls its affect on heart rate through NE; causes faster heart rate
  9. 21. pathway in heart going from right atrium to left; conduct pacemaker activity/information to the left
  10. 22. type of exam that can discover if the patient has heart valve disease
  11. 23. # of valves in the heart
  12. 24. specialized regions where pacemaker cells group together; specialized into SA and AV regions
  13. 25. type of cell that initiate and conduct the action potentials that promote muscle contraction
Down
  1. 1. thin outside layer covering the surface of heart; filled with a small volume of pericardial fluid
  2. 2. nervous system whose input to heart rate is controlled through ACh; causes slower heart ratenerves supply the atria (SA and AV nodes) and richly innervate the ventricles; mediated by NE
  3. 4. tubes formed from when capillaries connect together
  4. 6. pathway in heart traveling form the SA to AV node; conduct pacemaker activity across
  5. 8. period of cardiac cycle with relaxation and filling
  6. 11. depends on vessel radius and length as well as blood viscosity
  7. 12. end___volume; the volume of blood left in the ventricle after filling is completed
  8. 14. large diameter vessels formed by the accumulation of venules; carry O2 poor blood back towards the heart
  9. 15. thin inner layer of heart; composed of endothelial tissue
  10. 16. device used to calculate blood pressure
  11. 17. end___volume; volume of blood left in the ventricle after pumping out is complete
  12. 18. large vessels that transport blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  13. 20. What is the type of abnormal heart sound which sounds like something in addition to the usual lub-dub? It's often due to the unstable flow of blood through improper valves