Across
- 4. Superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body or lungs
- 6. If blood pressure drops, the kidneys release the enzyme renin, leading to ____activation (abbreviation)
- 10. Primarily carry oxygenated blood to the heart
- 11. Provides a smooth lining for chambers of the heart and heart valves
- 13. Cardiac output depends on ____volume and heart rate
- 15. Heart failure most often affects the function of the ___ventricle
- 17. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) ANP, BNP, CNP ____blood pressure
- 18. Sac that encases the heart, with a fibrous outer layer and a double-layered inner serous layer
- 19. Relaxation phase of atria and ventricles during cardiac cycle
- 20. Transports blood between heart and body:____circulation
Down
- 1. Primarily return deoxygenated blood to the heart
- 2. Muscular layer of the heart responsible for its pumping action
- 3. Thin-walled ____ assist in exchange of substances between blood and tissues
- 5. Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply blood to the myocardium
- 7. Contraction phase of atria and ventricles during cardiac cycle
- 8. Anatomical features of the heart that ensure blood flows in the correct direction
- 9. Transports blood between heart and lungs:_____circulation
- 11. Percentage of blood within the ventricles that is emptied during systole; important in classifying patients with HF
- 12. Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the ___each minute
- 14. For patients with heart failure, each hospitalization increases the risk of this
- 16. The incidence of heart failure doubles in men and triples in women with each __-year age increase from 65 to 85 years