Across
- 3. Federalist Papers, a collection of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the Constitution
- 4. legislature, a legislature with only one house, like the Confederation Congress or the legislature proposed by the New Jersey Plan
- 6. contract, an agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights
- 9. those who did not support ratification of the Constitution
- 13. of Independence, a document written in 1776 in which the American colonists proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and listed their grievances against the British king
- 15. powers, the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8); power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs
- 17. Compromise, a compromise between northern and southern states that called for counting of all a state’s free population and 60 percent of its enslaved population for both federal taxation and representation in Congress
- 18. of Confederation, the first basis for the new nation’s government; adopted in 1781; created an alliance of sovereign states held together by a weak central government
- 20. a highly decentralized form of government; sovereign states form a union for purposes such as mutual defense
- 21. the power of the president to reject a law proposed by Congress
- 22. system, a form of government in which power is divided between state governments and a national government
Down
- 1. a form of government in which political power rests in the hands of the people, not a monarch, and is exercised by elected representatives
- 2. those who supported ratification of the Constitution
- 5. of Rights, the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; most were designed to protect fundamental rights and liberties
- 6. clause, the statement in Article VI of the Constitution that federal law is superior to laws passed by state legislatures
- 7. legislature, a legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress
- 8. of powers, the sharing of powers among three separate branches of government
- 10. rights, the right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take away
- 11. Plan, a plan for a two-house legislature; representatives would be elected to the lower house based on each state’s population; representatives for the upper house would be chosen by the lower house
- 12. Compromise, a compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a two-house Congress; representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation of states in the Senate
- 14. Jersey Plan, a plan that called for a one-house national legislature; each state would receive one vote
- 16. and balances, a system that allows one branch of government to limit the exercise of power by another branch; requires the different parts of government to work together
- 19. powers, any powers not prohibited by the Constitution or delegated to the national government; powers reserved to the states and denied to the federal government