The Crisis

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Across
  1. 1. chancellor who abolishes parlements
  2. 3. groups that spoke for the aristocracy but also often had the support of wealthy professional and commercial classes
  3. 5. parlements use language of liberty and reform to portray the monarchy as this adjective
  4. 9. monarch with a sexually scandalous life that dimished the moral authority of the monarchy
  5. 10. proposes reforms to free up grain trade in 1775-76
  6. 13. in France, involved a process of ongoing negotiations between the monarchy and local aristocratic interests
  7. 16. another word for a plebian
  8. 17. natural disaster that causes temperature drops in Europe and hurts France’s harvests in 1783 and 1784
  9. 21. the political and social system in France before the Revolution
  10. 23. the church distributed agricultural land as these
  11. 25. disease that kills Louis XV in 1774
  12. 26. parlements drew on the ideas of these French writers when criticizing the monarchy
  13. 27. a new tax that Calonne tried to impose, but that was severely opposed by the aristocracy
  14. 28. Necker stated that the French budget would be in ______ if expenditures for the American Revolution were removed
  15. 29. what the French government needs in order to finance itself
  16. 30. a symptom of the failure of the French monarchy to collect sufficient taxes
  17. 32. the group that refuses to extend short-term credit to the French government
  18. 35. the straightforward economic system of France where food shortages drove up demand and prices
  19. 37. wife of Louis XVI
  20. 39. a food whose price increased from 9 sous to 14.5 sous in 1789 because of extreme shortages
  21. 40. the last king preceding the French Revolution
  22. 41. group that owns 25% of agricultural land
  23. 42. royal director of finances who reported that France’s economic problems were not as bad as feared
Down
  1. 2. accounts for 75% of production in France and dominates the French economy
  2. 4. voluntary contribution of clergy to government in lieu of taxes
  3. 6. France needed to collect these to alleviate the economic problems of the government
  4. 7. French painter who was known for the clarity and immediacy of his portraits. He painted a portrait of Louis XVI.
  5. 8. an agricultural technique that was not known or used in France
  6. 11. a group that would spend between 70 and 90 percent of their daily earnings to buy bread in Paris
  7. 12. minister who wanted to introduce a land tax on landowners regardless of social status
  8. 14. full name of the diplomat who wrote about the dismal conditions of agriculture in France
  9. 15. a large portion of royal expenditures went to ______ for aristocrats
  10. 17. the Sun King
  11. 18. decimates crops and vegetables in the northwest area of France in 1788
  12. 19. replacement of Calonne
  13. 20. painter who painted the Allegory of the Revolution
  14. 22. peasant’s labor services on public works
  15. 24. an assembly that was nominated by the royal ministry from the upper ranks of the aristocracy
  16. 28. war from 1756 to 1763 that leaves France in debt
  17. 31. Arthur Young questions if this condition could cause a civil war and a total overthrow of the government
  18. 32. the larger-than-usual harvest in 1787 that brought back normal conditions to France
  19. 33. where the monarchy lived
  20. 34. the full name of a British farmer and diarist who travelled extensively through France and wrote about agricultural subjects
  21. 36. tax on salt
  22. 38. assembly representing French estates