Across
- 8. Changing or exaggerating an opponent's position to make it easier to refute.
- 9. Claiming one’s view- point is correct just because many other people agree with it.
- 12. Attempting to prove a conclusion by simply restating it. Someone says “P is true because Q is true, and Q is true because P is true.:
- 14. Dismissing another person’s viewpoint on an issue because the speaker is inconsistent in that very thing. It means “You too.”
- 15. Assuming that since A happened before B, A must have caused B
- 18. Asserting that what is true of something as a whole must also be true of each of its parts. This is the reverse of the part-to-whole fallacy.
- 22. Generalizing about a class based upon a small or poor sample
- 26. Encouraging us to buy a product or do something because it is associated with something old
- 28. Which holiday happens next
- 29. Urging us to buy something because it is the “latest thing” - but not necessarily because it is the best thing
- 30. Claiming something is true simply because nobody has yet given any evidence that it is not
Down
- 1. Appealing to the authority of someone who has no special knowledge in the area he is discussing.
- 2. Asking one question which assumes the answer to a second question.
- 3. Repeating a message loudly and very often in the hope that we will believe it
- 4. Attacking an opponent’s character or his motives for believing something instead of disproving his argument.
- 5. Urging us to do something only because we pity someone, or we pity something associated with him
- 6. Assuming that if we take one step, nothing will stop us from taking a series of steps because each step is the same.
- 7. Claiming that some items with only minor similarities are the same in almost everything else
- 8. Using a double standard or arguing for an unjustified exception.
- 10. Offering nothing more than a time limit as a reason for us to do what someone wants
- 11. Pressuring us to do something just because many other people like us are doing it
- 13. Changing the meaning of a word in the middle of an argument.
- 16. Encouraging us to think someone’s product would make us better than or make us stand out from everybody else
- 17. The name of the place where you live
- 19. Asserting that we must choose between two things, when in fact we have more than two alternatives.
- 20. Asserting that what is true of part of something must also be true of the whole thing.
- 21. Introducing an irrelevant point into an argument. Someone may think it proves his side, but it really doesn’t.
- 23. Getting us to transfer our good or bad feelings about one thing to another unrelated thing
- 24. Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began or who began it.
- 25. Moving us to fear the consequences of not doing what someone wants
- 27. Who taught this class