THE FIRST CROSSINGS

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Across
  1. 5. - English port at the eastern end of the first scheduled Atlantic services
  2. 8. - Chartered channel steamer that reached New York first in the great race of April 1838
  3. 9. - The name originally intended for Brunel's giant of 1858
  4. 10. - American vessel of 1819 whose engine ran for barely eighty hours of a month-long crossing
  5. 11. - Cunard's paddle steamer that reclaimed the speed record in 1856
  6. 13. - Engineer behind three revolutionary ships of this era
  7. 14. - Brunel's purpose-built paddle steamer of 1838, beaten by a day but victorious in practice
  8. 15. - Nova Scotia port of call on the first steam mail route
Down
  1. 1. - A vessel sailing a fixed route with mail, cargo and passengers
  2. 2. - Cunard's last paddle steamer, faster than many early screw ships
  3. 3. - The Black Ball Line's true revolution - sailing to one of these, full or not
  4. 4. - Nova Scotia businessman whose mail steamers ran like clockwork from 1840
  5. 6. - Hull material pioneered on the ocean by the Great Britain in 1843
  6. 7. - First ship of the 1840 steam mail service; Dickens sailed on her in 1842
  7. 12. - Propulsion that gradually replaced the paddle wheel