Across
- 5. International organization created after WWI to prevent future wars through diplomacy and collective security.
- 8. The wartime alliance led by Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
- 9. Germany’s strategy to defeat France quickly by attacking through Belgium, then turn to fight Russia.
- 10. The belief that military power is essential; shown through building up armies/navies and preparing for war.
- 13. German submarines used to sink Allied ships; unrestricted attacks helped draw the United States into WWI.
- 17. The Bosnian Serb nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914, sparking the July Crisis.
- 18. Strong loyalty to one’s nation, or desire for national independence, that fueled tensions and conflicts in Europe.
- 21. Competition between nations to build more weapons and larger armies/navies, increasing fear and tension.
- 23. Formal agreements between countries to support each other in war; helped turn a regional conflict into a world war.
- 24. Serbian nationalist secret society linked to the plot that led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Down
- 1. Rapid-fire weapon that made frontal assaults deadly and helped create a stalemate in trench warfare.
- 2. A chemical weapon that burns skin and lungs and causes blindness; used in WWI to injure and terrify soldiers.
- 3. The dangerous area between opposing trenches, exposed to artillery and machine-gun fire.
- 4. The 1919 peace treaty that blamed Germany, demanded reparations, reduced its military, and redrew borders.
- 6. Fighting from long defensive ditches protected by barbed wire and machine guns, especially on the Western Front.
- 7. The deliberate killing of a political leader; the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered the WWI crisis.
- 11. When powerful countries expand control over other regions for resources, markets, and prestige; intensified rivalries before 1914.
- 12. The month-long chain reaction of threats, ultimatums, and mobilizations after the assassination that led to war in 1914.
- 14. The pre-WWI partnership of Britain, France, and Russia, formed to counter Germany and its allies.
- 15. Large, long-range guns (like cannons/howitzers) used to bombard enemy lines; a major cause of trench destruction and mass casualties.
- 16. The act of preparing for war by calling up troops and moving armies; once started in 1914, it was hard to stop.
- 19. A war that mobilizes an entire society—economy, labor, propaganda, and civilians—for the war effort.
- 20. Armored vehicles developed to cross trenches and barbed wire; introduced to break the trench stalemate.
- 22. A volatile region in southeastern Europe with ethnic tensions and rival empires; often called a “powder keg” before WWI.