Across
- 4. Passed the Civil Rights Bill in 1964. The following year Johnson produced an influx of legislation and bills that helped to improve every aspect of the black communities, ranging from increased voter rights to improved education and healthcare
- 10. Members were live a religious live, increase black self-esteemed, key blacks and whites separate and to encourage blacks to improve their economic situation. Their newspaper has a weekly circulation of 600,000 by the mid 1970s.
- 12. Sit-ins in a bus station which had ignored the Interstate Commerce Commission’s order to desegregate.
- 14. Historian Spear considered them to be "Militant before militancy had a national spokesperson'
- 15. Students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.
- 17. v. Virginia, Overturned a judgement convicting an African American law student for trespassing by being in a restaurant in a bus terminal which was ‘whites only’.
- 19. Seen as a police like group to protect African Americans.
- 20. Non-violent activist, most famous speech was ‘I have a dream’.
Down
- 1. Created the first black mass movement in the USA, He advocated for self-help, armed self-defence and separation of races.
- 2. Popularised the phrase ‘Black Power’
- 3. Freedom Movement, also known as open housing movement.
- 5. v. Virginia, Supreme Court ruled 7-1 that Virginia’s state law enforcing segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional.
- 6. Caught attention of young, disenchanted African American youths with speech such as ‘ballot or the bullet’ and will get civil rights ’by any means necessary’.
- 7. Reluctantly intervene at the little rock 9 and expressed his fear that desegregating schools would cause ‘great emotional strain’.
- 8. v. The Board of Education, decision opposed segregated education in 1954.
- 9. Connor, American politician and member of the democratic party who strongly opposed the civil rights movement.
- 11. A member of the KKK at the start of his political career. Famously said “I believe in brotherhood….of all men before the law….if any (one) class or race can be permanently set apart from or pushed down below the rest in politics and civil rights, so may any other class or race……and we say farewell to the principles on which we count our safety…….The majority of our Negro people find but cold comfort in our shanties and tenements. Surely, as free men, they are entitled to something better than this.”
- 13. v. Allwright, it overturned the Texas state law that authorized parties to set their internal rule, including the use of white primaries. Landmark decision of the Supreme Court with regards to voting rights and racial desegregation.
- 16. Appointed 40 Black people in Congress, saw racism and discrimination as immoral.
- 18. v. Gayle, Ordered Alabama and Montgomery to desegregate its buses.