The Middle Ages

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  1. 2. took vows of chastity, renounced worldly goods and devoted themselves to prayer, religious studies and helping society's most needy.
  2. 6. a code of honor that emphasized bravery, loyalty, and generosity for knights at war in the 11th and 12th centuries.
  3. 8. a defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet.
  4. 11. the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
  5. 12. a sporting event in which two knights (or two groups of knights) jousted on horseback with blunted weapons, each trying to knock the other off, the winner receiving a prize.
  6. 15. an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
  7. 16. a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
  8. 17. a professional joker or “fool” at a medieval court, typically wearing a cap with bells on it and carrying a mock scepter.
  9. 18. the female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
  10. 19. system a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return.
  11. 20. rural poor, rural residents, serfs, agricultural laborers, and the “common” or. “simple” people.
  12. 21. the heart of a medieval castle.
  13. 24. man who separates himself from society and lives either alone (a hermit or anchorite) or in an organized community in order to devote himself full time to religious life.
  14. 25. a depression surrounding a castle, city wall, or other fortification, usually but not always filled with water.
  15. 26. the daughter of a monarch.
  16. 27. a church that contains the cathedra
  17. 30. someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler.
Down
  1. 1. a political system in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as head of state.
  2. 3. a type of moveable bridge typically at the entrance to a castle or tower surrounded by a moat.
  3. 4. the system by which coats of arms and other armorial bearings are devised, described, and regulated.
  4. 5. sold goods
  5. 7. a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups.
  6. 9. Medieval Europeans began trading frequently at local markets and at the larger and less frequent fairs held in towns and cities.
  7. 10. the dwelling of the lord of the manor or his residential bailiff and administrative centre of the feudal estate.
  8. 11. a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders.
  9. 13. belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.
  10. 14. the male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
  11. 16. a piece of land that is ruled by a king or a queen
  12. 19. a vassal's source of income, held from his lord in exchange for services.
  13. 22. -the son of a monarch.
  14. 23. one invested with a fief in return for services to an overlord.
  15. 28. the system of raising money for royal and governmental expenses.
  16. 29. a surviving memorial of something past.
  17. 31. a sovereign male ruler of a continental European duchy.