The Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 4. - An ancient trade route linking East and West, facilitating cultural exchange.
  2. 5. - A code of honor for knights, emphasizing bravery and justice.
  3. 6. - A system based on mutual obligations, with land exchanged for service.
  4. 8. - The Black Death that killed millions in Europe during the 1300s.
  5. 9. - An agricultural estate controlled by a lord and worked by serfs.
  6. 12. - Institutions that began emerging in the Middle Ages, often Church-affiliated.
  7. 13. - Warriors who followed the code of chivalry and defended the weak.
Down
  1. 1. - Knights or nobles who held land in exchange for military support.
  2. 2. - The central force in medieval society, often holding more power than monarchs.
  3. 3. - King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, crowned in 800 CE.
  4. 4. - Peasants tied to the land in the feudal system.
  5. 7. - Mostly limited to the privileged, especially within the Church.
  6. 10. - Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.
  7. 11. - A 10% tax on income collected by the Church.