Across
- 6. practice of buying high positions in the church
- 7. era also known as the Early Middle Ages
- 9. a right to use the land
- 13. Englishman who claimed the crown of England by force
- 14. land was exchanged for military service and obligations
- 16. religious wars
- 18. the Magna Carta created this form of government in England
- 20. led the Battle of Orleans; declared a heretic
Down
- 1. unifying force during the Middle Ages
- 2. protected nobles' freedoms and outlined basic rights of all English people
- 3. the goal of the Crusades
- 4. person who received a grant of land from a lord
- 5. the loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord
- 8. land granted by a lord in return for loyalty and service
- 10. animal blamed for brining the plague across continents
- 11. religious people reasonable for education and providing for the needy
- 12. reason for constructing a castle
- 15. an effort to strengthen the church by stamping out practices and teachings that opposed church doctrines
- 16. king who rule restored order, learning, and unity to western Europe during the 800s
- 17. nickname given to the plague
- 18. first leader to be named the Holy Roman Emperor
- 19. peasant who could not leave the land without the lord's permission