Across
- 5. the technological innovation here is called ___?
- 7. a family that was known for their power
- 8. means "striving" and refers to the inner struggle against evil
- 9. an extraordinary Muslim state locates in southern Spain
- 12. a group that rejected the luxurious life of the Umayyads
- 13. the 3rd caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad
- 14. "God"
- 15. leader/successor after Muhammad's death
- 17. a combination of a library, academy, and translation center
Down
- 1. the most powerful group that took over the empire
- 2. sacred scripture of Islam
- 3. a descendant of Fatima, a daughter of Muhammad, and Ali
- 4. is a city in western Saudi Arabia
- 6. a beautiful form of handwriting
- 9. early Arab technology
- 10. a letter that banks offer to merchants
- 11. a title that means "successor" or "deputy"
- 14. complex decoration, ornate design
- 16. a group of the "party" Ali
- 18. followers of Muhammad's example