The Peloponnesian War Review 2

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  1. 3. (495-429 BCE)Athenian statesman responsible for the development of Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire / used the new weapon of the popular vote against the old power of family politics / oversaw the construction of the Acropolis, which included the Parthenon
  2. 7. (359-336 BCE) conquered most of Greece / achieved this conquest through the reformation of his army, his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances / father of Alexander the Great
  3. 8. (428-348 BCE) founder of a philosophical school in Athens / taught the theory of forms, which suggests that the physical world is not as real or true as "Forms" - the non-physical, timeless, absolute, and unchangeable essences of all things, which objects in the physical world merely imitate
  4. 10. a peninsula and geographic region in Southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans / major cities of Sparta, Corinth, Argos and Megalopolis were all located on this peninsula
  5. 12. state-owned serfs who worked the land and performed other labor to support the Spartan citizens / this population rebelled against their Spartan masters after an earthquake in 464 BCE / outnumbered the Spartan population 224,000 to 32,000 in the 5th century BCE
  6. 13. (460-399 BCE) an Athenian general who wrote the contemporary History of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
  7. 15. formed in 478 BCE after the Persian Wars to protect Greek territory from another Persian invasion / emerged as the Athenian Empire
  8. 16. third phase of the Peloponnesian War began after the disastrous invasion of this island / south of the Italian peninsula
  9. 18. (470-399 BCE) Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy / first moral philosopher of the ethical tradition of thought / examined subjects in the style of question and answer
  10. 19. resident foreigners with the rights of citizens in Ancient Greece / required to pay a poll tax and have a citizen sponsor / restricted in marriage and property ownership
  11. 20. the dominance of one group or nations over another
  12. 21. (570-495 BCE) credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries / built on the theories in geometry developed by the Babylonians and Indians centuries earlier
  13. 22. (525-456) father of tragedy / wrote the Oresteia, concerning the murder of Agamemnon (a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War) by his wife Clytemnestra
  14. 23. city-state that ended Sparta domination / their victory at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE permanently altered the Greek balance of power / their supremacy in Greece was short-lived, as they were defeated by the Macedonians in 338 BCE
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  1. 1. a heavily armed foot soldier of Ancient Greece / carried a short stabbing sword, a spear one and a half times their height, and a wooden shield / wore bronze armor / fought in a phalanx formation
  2. 2. lasted for 27 years and resulted in the dramatic downfall of the Athenian Empire and the rise of Sparta as the dominant Greek city-state
  3. 4. (454-395 BCE) claimed descent from Heracles / with Persian money, Sparta built a massive fleet under his leadership / won a streak of decisive victories in the Aegean that led Athens to capitulate and give up its empire
  4. 5. (384-322 BCE) his writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts / shortly after Plato died, he left Athens, and at the request of Philip II, tutored his son Alexander the Great
  5. 6. (460-370 BCE) a Greek physician who revolutionized ancient medicine / credited with the oath, whereby physicians swear to uphold specific ethical standards, that is still used today
  6. 7. alliance network dominated by Sparta / lasted from 560 to 366 BCE
  7. 9. small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, and briefly subordinate to Persia / viewed as inferior or even as barbarians by the rest of the Greeks
  8. 11. (480-404 BCE / also referred to as the Age of Pericles) during this period, Athens was recognized for development of democracy, as well as its achievements in art, philosophy, architecture, and literature
  9. 14. (485-425 BCE) described as the "Father of History" to some - the "Father of Lies" to others / during the Golden Age of Athens, he wrote "The Histories" - a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars
  10. 17. (338-337 BCE) federation of Greek states created in order to unify Greek military forces under Macedonian leadership (hegemony) in their conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire