The Practice of Statistics Chapter 8 & 9 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 4. A distribution specified by degrees of freedom used to model test statistics for the one-sample t test, the two-sample t test, etc. where σ ('s) is (are) unknown. Also used to obtain a confidence interval for estimating a population mean, or the difference between two populations means, etc.
  2. 6. we fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true
  3. 8. Degree to which the sample is expected to deviate from the population
  4. 10. the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis at a chosen significance level alpha when the specified alternative value of the parameter is true
  5. 12. Single value that serves as an estimate of a population parameter
  6. 13. States that a parameter is larger than the null hypothesis value or if it states that the parameter is smaller than the null value.
  7. 14. if the p-value is smaller than the alpha.
  8. 16. The claim about the population that we are trying to find evidence for.
  9. 19. A range of values for a variable of interest; the specified probability is called the confidence level and the end points of the confidence interval are called the confidence limits
  10. 20. the difference between two numbers on the scale
Down
  1. 1. The probability, computed assuming Ho is true, that the statistic (such as p-hat or x-bar) would take a value as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed, in the direction specified by Ha.
  2. 2. if we reject the null hypothesis when it is in fact true
  3. 3. A statistic providing an estimate of the possible magnitude to error. The larger, the less reliable the score.
  4. 5. The claim we weigh evidence against in a statistical test. Often a statement of "no difference."
  5. 7. gives an interval of plausible values for a parameter. The interval is calculated from the data and has the form ( point estimate ± margin of error)
  6. 9. states that the parameter is different from the null hypothesis value (it could be either larger or smaller).
  7. 11. measures how far a sample statistic diverges from what we would expect if the null hypothesis were true
  8. 15. A statistical property of a large family of distributions, including the Student's t-distribution.
  9. 17. the sample statistic when used to estimate the corresponding population parameter
  10. 18. Level of confidence that the results found within a study are generalizable to the population and not due to chance.