Across
- 3. Amid the explosion of _______________ in the late 1800s, the labor force expanded rapidly.
- 7. Though wages and work hours ___________ during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, safety conditions did not.
- 12. The invention of the ___________ and the cotton gin in the late 18th century sparked the first Industrial Revolution in the United States.
- 13. ______________ became the dominant figure in the steel industry.
- 14. states began providing workers’ ______________ , which meant that a worker who had been injured could receive assistance for medical care and loss of income.
- 15. Carnegie’s use of horizontal integration allowed him to come close to achieving a ___________ on, or exclusive control over, the steel industry.
- 16. Rockefeller built his first oil refinery in Ohio ____________ to convert crude, or raw, unprocessed oil into specialized oil products.
- 17. the ideas of ______________ , wealthy individuals, who represented the fittest of humans, were destined to survive and succeed.
- 18. Railroad companies proposed ______________ North America into four time zones as a way to make rail transportation more efficient.
- 19. Tarbell and other investigative reporters became known as _________ , or journalists who expose misconduct by an organization or a person.
Down
- 1. support of the railroad, highlighting the construction of the world’s first _______________ railroad, the Union Pacific Railroad, which has carried America through natural disasters, wars, and a changing transportation industry.
- 2. The main technology for steel production was the ______________ .
- 4. The nonregulatory approach to business that allowed practices such as child labor is called _____________ , in which the government rarely interferes in the free market and businesses choose how they will operate, with little or no oversight.
- 5. Large corporations were able to accumulate cash reserves, enabling them to weather a ____________ that began in the 1870s, as well as several recessions in the 1880s.
- 6. In 1887, Congress passed the ____________________, establishing a commission to investigate complaints and sue companies that violated its regulations.
- 8. Increased productivity made possible by technology created a surplus of goods, resulting in __________ , or a decrease in the prices of goods and services.
- 9. ______________________ were the first steel self-propelled train cars in the world, and the first example of aerodynamic design in North America.
- 10. Regulators put a stop to that, so in 1881, he reestablished his corporation as a ________ , or a company managed by members of a board rather than by owners or stockholders.
- 11. The second Industrial Revolution profoundly changed ___________________ with work, transportation, and communication.
- 14. As workers built the railroads, businessmen built __________, companies or groups of people that invest in a business and then share its profits.