The Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. 6. Renaissance painters used this technique which shows three dimensions on a flat surface, giving the illusion of depth to their paintings.
  2. 7. Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
  3. 9. Relating to the Church of England.
  4. 10. 16th-century Catholic reform movement in response to Protestant Reformation.
  5. 14. Literally means “Rebirth” in French; classical learning is brought back from Greco Roman culture. Period of rebirth of art and learning in Europe lasting from about 1300 to 1600; started in Italy and moved north.
  6. 16. English playwright and poet who wrote 37 famous plays in the English vernacular like Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Othello, and the Twelfth Night. He used 1700 words for the first time in his works and wrote in the vernacular.
  7. 18. Government controlled by religious leaders; John Calvin believed that this was the ideal form of government, and in 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland, asked Calvin to lead their city.
  8. 20. Focus on human potential and achievements; one of the central ideas of the Renaissance.
  9. 21. Issued the Act of Supremacy making the monarch of England the head of the Anglican Church because he wanted his marriage annulled when his wife could not produce a male heir.
  10. 23. A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.
  11. 24. German Priest who protested the Catholic Church and in particular the selling of Indulgences. He posted the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg All Saints Church starting the Protestant Reformation.
  12. 25. The use of the everyday language of people in a region or country instead of classical Latin. Common languages such as English, Italian, and German are examples.
  13. 26. Member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.
  14. 27. Powerful & wealthy banking family in Florence during the Italian Renaissance, Lorenzo & Cosimo were most famous. They were the virtual dictators of the city & were known for patronizing the arts.
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  1. 1. German creator of European printing press. Used movable type to make book production easy, and created the first printed complete version of the Bible. This started a printing revolution, which allowed people to own books, and learn to read.
  2. 2. Member of a Protestant church governed by elders and founded by John Knox.
  3. 3. Part of John Calvin’s teaching or Calvinism; the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved.
  4. 4. Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. It set up schools to educate the clergy, it worked to end all abuses within the Catholic Church; & it reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs.
  5. 5. People who supports artists, especially financially, the Medici family in Florence, the Popes in Rome, & Henry VIII in England are all examples of Patrons of the arts.
  6. 8. Italian painter/sculptor from Florence, Italy who painted the Sistine Chapel and created the marble statue of the David.
  7. 11. 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches.
  8. 12. Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual or religious matters.
  9. 13. Italian Renaissance artist who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Trained in many different areas, and became known as the “Renaissance Man” because of his interest and involvement in many different areas such as art, science, mechanics, inventions, literature, and sculpture.
  10. 15. Italian Renaissance writer who wrote The Prince, which was a political book which instructed rulers how to gain and maintain power. Stressed real life rather than high ideals. Rulers were to use whatever means necessary to achieve goals.
  11. 17. Religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.
  12. 19. Member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther.
  13. 22. Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn. She was the last of his children to rule, but the most influential due to her returning England to Protestantism & achieving a more moderate stance on religion restoring unity to England.