Across
- 1. The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself
- 3. The process of using a solution with a known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution through a monitored reaction
- 7. Chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
- 8. Loss of electrons (LEO)
- 10. heat The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius
- 11. Sees two reactants fuse to form products in the form A + B → AB
- 13. The forces existing among noble gas atoms and nonpolar molecules, that involve an accidental dipole that induces a momentary dipole in a neighbor
- 14. A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
- 17. The energy released when ions are combined to make a compound
- 18. The degree of randomness and disorder or molecules based on the number of different arrangements available to them in a given system or reaction
- 19. The theory that for a chemical reaction to occur, the particles must collide with enough force in the correct orientation
- 20. The mass in grams of one mole of molecules or formula units of a substance, also known as molecular weight
- 23. A compound that is able to act as both an acid or base
- 24. A three-dimensional system of points designating the positions of the centers of the components of a solid (atoms, ions, or molecules)
- 25. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a compound that accepts protons
- 26. Consist of atoms or molecules held together by IMFs. Because these forces are relatively weak, molecular solids tend to be soft and possess low melting points
- 27. The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron or the valence electron
- 28. A substance that changes the speed of a reaction by reducing the activation energy without being altered by the overall reaction
- 31. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- 32. When in the presence of heat and oxygen, hydrocarbons burn into oxygen and carbon dioxide
- 34. Alloy where small atoms are inserted between spaces of the metal lattice
- 35. A method or technique used to separate a mixture of chemical substances into chemical components
- 36. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a compound that donates protons
- 37. The total step by step elementary sequences of a chemical reaction
- 39. The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
- 41. Alloy where one metal is substituted for another metal of a similar size
- 42. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms
- 43. Attractions between entire molecules due to charge differences, relatively weak interactions that occur between molecules
- 44. One reactant decomposes into 2 or more products, represented by AB → A + B
- 45. An intermolecular force between an ion and a molecule with a dipole in a solution
- 46. A reaction where electrons are transferred, the reactant with less attraction for electrons transfers electrons to the reactant with more attraction for electrons
- 47. 6.022 * 10 ^-23
- 48. States that the force of attraction/ repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them
Down
- 2. The principle stating that as protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons are similarly added to hydrogen-like orbitals
- 4. A substance that is both produced and reacts in a series of chemical reaction steps
- 5. Gain of electrons (GER)
- 6. An electrochemical cell that produce electrical energy through redox reactions taking place within the cell
- 9. Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion
- 12. The most electronegative element
- 15. Typically good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets), and ductile- which means that they can be drawn into wires
- 16. Half the distance between the nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms
- 21. The energy change associated with the additions of an electron to a gaseous atom
- 22. The attractive force resulting when polar molecules line HydrogenBonding Unusually strong dipole-dipole attractions that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom
- 29. The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
- 30. Consist of atoms held together in large networks by covalent bonds. These solids are much harder and have higher melting points than molecular solids
- 33. The time it takes for a reactant concentration to decrease by half compared to its initial concentration
- 38. An unchanged ion that exists as both a product and reactant in a chemical reaction
- 40. The maximum amount of product that can be produced or yielded