Across
- 6. A sudden and violent eruption of energy on the solar disk lasting minutes to hours, from which radiation and particles are emitted. A large, dark, and often looping feature. These features appear as dark structures compared to the background of the bright solar disk. These are gentle eruptions compared to flares.
- 8. The layer of the solar atmosphere above the photosphere and beneath the transition region and the corona. It is seen during eclipses as a bright red ring around the Sun, and the term burning prairie has been used to describe it.
- 10. Cellular structure of the solar photosphere visible at high spatial resolution.
- 11. The central region of the Sun that is undergoing nuclear fusion.
- 12. The zone that extends outward from the core, accounting for 45 percent of the sun's radius. In this zone, the energy from the core is carried outward by photons. It can take 100,000 years or more for a photon to escape this zone.
- 13. An area seen as a dark feature on the photosphere of the Sun. Sunspots are concentrations of magnetic flux, typically occurring in bipolar (i.e. two-parts with positive and negative poles like a magnet) clusters or groups. They appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding photosphere.
- 15. The gradual decrease in brightness of the disk of the Sun or of another star as observed from its center to its edge.
Down
- 1. A telescope that can see things very close to the Sun. It uses a disk to block the Sun's bright surface, revealing the faint solar corona, stars, planets and sungrazing comets.
- 2. One of the basic properties used to describe stars, including our Sun. It is defined as the total energy radiated by a star at all wavelengths per second.
- 3. The total amount of energy per second reaching the top of the Earth’s atmosphere per unit area. Equal to 1400 Watts/m2.
- 4. The outermost layer of the solar atmosphere, characterized by low densities and extraordinarily high temperatures that extends to several solar radii. The heating of this is still a mystery. The shape is different at solar maximum and at solar minimum, it is highly influenced by the Sun’s magnetic field.
- 5. The line that appears in the red part of the visible spectrum that is created when an electron moves between the second and third orbit (N=2 and N=3). Filters are designed to block out as much of the spectrum as possible leaving only a very small bandwidth through which light can pass at this frequency.
- 7. A sudden and violent eruption of energy on the solar disk lasting minutes to hours, from which radiation and particles are emitted. A large, bright, and often looping feature extending from the Sun. These features appear as bright structures in the corona above the solar limb. These are gentle eruptions compared to flares.
- 8. The final 30 percent of the sun's radius. It is dominated by convection currents that carry the energy outward to the surface. These convection currents are rising movements of hot gas next to falling movements of cool gas, and it looks kind of like glitter in a simmering pot of water.
- 9. The outward flux of solar particles and magnetic fields from the Sun. It is produced primarily in the cooler regions of the corona, known as coronal holes, and flows along the open magnetic field lines. Typically, velocities are 300-500 km per second.
- 14. The lowest layer of the solar atmosphere; corresponds to the solar surface viewed in white light. Sunspots are observed in this layer.