Across
- 2. A graph relating the surface temperatures and absolute brightnesses of stars.
- 3. The force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses. The major force responsible for forming planets and stars.
- 4. The apparent change in the position of a star in the sky due to the change in the Earth's position as the Earth moves around the sun. This allows us to calculate the distance from Earth to the star.
- 6. The repulsive force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand at an accelerating rate.
- 7. The tearing apart of all forms of structure in the universe - galaxy clusters, galaxies, stars, planets, atoms, and elementary particles - that is expected to occur should the repulsive effect of dark energy become infinitely strong in a finite time.
- 9. One of the theories on how the universe will end, it states the universe will eventually collapse back in on itself when it is done expanding as a result of the Big Bang.
- 10. Brightness of a star compared to the brightness of the Sun.
- 13. A region of the sky that contains a recognizable star pattern and that is used to describe the location of objects in space
- 14. One of the theories on how the universe will end, it states the universe will become a very cold, dark space as the stars cool and begin to burn out.
- 15. The apparent change in color of an object, caused by the change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away from the observer.
- 18. The outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
- 19. The region of the Sun where gases circulate in convection currents, bringing the Sun's energy to the surface.
- 20. The inner layer of the Sun's atmosphere that gives off visible light; the Sun's surface.
Down
- 1. The region of the Sun's interior that is outside of the core and in which energy moves by radiation.
- 5. A visual record of the wavelengths a particular star has absorbed. Certain elements will absorb certain wavelengths. This lets us figure out the elements that are part of that particular star.
- 8. The theory that the universe originated ~15 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature.
- 11. The most central region of the Sun where nuclear fusion produces the Sun's energy. This is the most dense, and the hottest portion of the Sun.
- 12. Celestial objects located by the constellation they are closest to in space. These include Nebulas, Galaxies, Messiers, and exoplanets.
- 16. The force of resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. Force that contributes to building the heat needed so a protostar will be ignite.
- 17. Areas on the Sun's surface that are cooler and less bright than surrounding areas. They are caused by the Sun's magnetic field, and occur in cycles