Across
- 4. spider, upper marked plate that indicates the position of stars on the astrolabe
- 7. a cloak that covers the entire body, with a headscarf worn underneath
- 8. became leader in 661 and moved capital to Damascus
- 11. an outstanding philosopher
- 14. people who practice Islam
- 15. only accepted the descendants of Ali as true leaders
- 16. a law code developed by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death
- 18. Muhammad's successor
- 20. a massive black meteorite that all tribes worshiped that representes Allah
- 22. "struggle in the way of God"
- 23. capital during the Abbasid dynasty
- 30. letters, natural plants, and abstract figures repeated over and over in geometric patterns
- 32. the religious and political leader
- 33. one god
- 34. a descendant of Fatima and Ali
- 35. a veil that cover the full face and body
- 37. became leader in 1169, took control of Egypt
- 39. where Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven
- 40. accepted Umayyads as leaders
- 41. trade was as far as this city in Africa
- 42. a council headed by a prime minister that advised the caliph
- 45. Muhammad's wife
- 46. a fourteenth century Islamic palace
- 48. central shrine where The Black Stone is held
- 49. descendant of Muhammad's uncle, became leader in 750
- 52. a person who was chosen from one of the ruling families by a council of elders to lead the tribe
- 53. "holder of power
- 54. trade was as far as across this sea
- 58. Muhammad's journey to Madinah
- 60. where prayers are held in the mosque five times a day
- 62. lasted from 750 to 1258
- 63. making a pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime
- 64. the holy book of Islam
- 66. covered market
- 68. acts of worship in Islam
- 69. "God's disclosure of Himself and His will to His creatures"
- 70. nomadic people from central Asia
Down
- 1. capital of Umayyad Spain
- 2. performing the prescribed prayers five times a day
- 3. capital during the Umayyad dynasty
- 5. Muslim house of worship
- 6. Persian poet, mathematician, and astronomer who wrote Rubaiyat
- 9. city of the prophet
- 10. Ali's second son
- 12. city where Kaaba is located
- 13. were the Islamic palace Alhambra was built
- 17. the earliest copies of the Quran were written in
- 19. led the Mongol advances
- 20. world's largest mosque at the time it was built
- 21. Arabs in the desert that supported Muhammad
- 24. an early collection of Muhammad's sayings
- 25. the rophet of Islam
- 26. was the most prominent historian of the age
- 27. al-Rashid the best know caliph of all time
- 28. refraining from food and rink from dawn to sunset in the month of Ramadan
- 29. pastoral horse-riding people who came out of Gobi to take control of much of the known world
- 31. philosopher and scientist who wrote a medical encyclopedia
- 36. a desert land sorely lacking in rivers and lakes
- 38. Believing that there is no deity, but the One God and Muhammad is his messenger
- 43. lasted from 661 to 750
- 44. "Giving alms"
- 47. crier, the one who calls the faithful to prayer five times a day
- 50. the ninth month in the Muslim calendar
- 51. a gift of money or property given to brides
- 55. an instrument used by sailors to determine their location based on stars
- 56. A battle fought between the Franks and Islam near the city of Tours, France
- 57. enslaved Turkish soldiers who had overthrown the administration and seized power for themselves
- 59. a head scarf covering the head and neck
- 61. "peace through submission to the will of Allah"
- 65. Muhammad's son-in-law
- 67. the Islamic god
- 71. womb, nested plates of the astrolabe