Thermal Energy Transfer

2. a temperature scale based on 0 degrees for the freezing point of water and 100 degrees for the boiling point of water
6. the energy an object possesses due to its motion
10. a measure of how well a surface emits thermal radiation compared to a perfect emitter, also known as a blackbody
12. the standard unit of energy, work, and heat within the International System of Units (SI)
13. the transfer of heat or electricity through direct contact
15. an idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that strikes it, regardless of the angle or wavelength
17. a temperature scale used to measure and express the degree of heat or cold
21. the rate of change of temperature with distance in a specific direction
25. the process by which thermal energy is transferred from one system or object to another due to a temperature difference
26. the tendency of matter to increase in size (length, area, or volume) due to a rise in temperature
28. heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle
29. the state where two or more objects or systems reach the same temperature, resulting in no net transfer of heat energy between them
30. the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount

1. the SI base unit for thermodynamic temperature
3. the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles
4. the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree
5. the transfer of heat energy through the movement of fluids
7. a material's ability to conduct heat
8. a substance that allows electricity, heat, or sound to pass through it easily
9. the quality of being hot; high temperature
11. the energy contained within a system due to the random motion of its molecules
14. materials or methods used to reduce or prevent the transfer of heat, electricity, or sound from one area to another
16. the process of measuring the amount of heat transferred during a chemical reaction or physical change
18. the temperature at which a system (like a body of water or a planet) reaches a balance between energy input and energy output, resulting in no net change in temperature
19. the study of energy, its transformations, and its relationship to heat and work
20. a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves
22. a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound
23. the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change without a change in temperature
24. the energy exchanged between a substance and its surroundings that causes a change in its temperature without altering its phase
27. a measure of how hot or cold something is