Across
- 3. eactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.
- 4. a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.
- 6. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.
- 9. a unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C (now often defined as equal to 4.1868 joules).
- 10. an apparatus for measuring the amount of heat involved in a chemical reaction or other process.
- 11. The heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed in a chemical reaction. It describes the change of the energy content when reactants are converted into products.
Down
- 1. is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen).
- 2. the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.
- 5. each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist. Graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon.
- 7. the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
- 8. the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour.