Threats to the Forest

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Across
  1. 5. hopped a ride on a cargo ship to NC
  2. 10. causes deposition and acid rain and acidification of soil
  3. 12. mostly bad for the forest; but sometimes good
  4. 14. eat pine needles leaving just stubs
  5. 17. cause much defoliation of hardwoods
  6. 18. asian killers of the main riparian species
Down
  1. 1. in NC 2013, barks of trees,D shaped hole
  2. 2. storms, ice, fire, disease, fungi, and insects
  3. 3. largest but least harmful, found in lower portion and tree stumps
  4. 4. kills NC Christmas tree from Europe
  5. 6. can kill a tree by itself, S paths, popcorn sized lumps of pitch
  6. 7. Sulfur Dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, chlorine & fluoride
  7. 8. most destructive defoliator, slow kill
  8. 9. cut, cleared and burned forest for agriculture, urban and suburban development, highways, forest products etc.
  9. 11. also known as exotic species
  10. 13. make small BB sized holes in bark; cut off water& nutrients; make Y & H galleries
  11. 15. these cause most major forest tree diseases and are silent killers
  12. 16. more affected by acid rain than hardwoods