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- 6. respiration- Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.
- 10. 2- Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis.
- 11. 1- Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the high energy carrier NADPH.
- 12. biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
- 13. is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is the powerhouse of the cell; it is responsible for cellular respiration and production of (most) ATP in the cell. Each cell can have from one to thousands of mitochondria.
- 14. Biotics describe living or once living components of a community; for example organisms, such as animals and plants.
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- 1. movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane.
- 2. is the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvic acid (also called pyruvate). The glycolysis process is a multi-step metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of animal cells, plant cells, and the cells of microorganisms.
- 3. cycle- a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds (as in ATP) — called also citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle.
- 4. contains the cell's genes and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.
- 5. transport chain- The electron transport chain is a cluster of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form a gradient of protons that drives the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- 7. Abiotic factors, also called abiotic components are non-living factors that impact an ecosystem.
- 8. Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.
- 9. smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element.
- 15. cycle- The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, biosynthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis are the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.