TOPIC 12. BIOENERGETICS & MOLECULAR MOTOR

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Across
  1. 2. During photosynthesis, the electrons move through the ________, creating a proton gradient by pumping protons into the thylakoid lumen.
  2. 4. During ATP production in mitochondria, the electron transport chain powers proton pumps to pump the _______ ions out of the matrix.
  3. 8. During photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place in the __________ membranes, which plays a role in converting the light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
  4. 10. The oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain tightly linked together to maintain a gradient of hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of ___________.
  5. 11. The electron transport chain generates the proton motive force, whereas the oxidative phosphorylation utilizes this force to produce _______.
  6. 12. A key protein that plays a crucial role in heat production in response to cold exposure or during periods of increased metabolic demand through the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
  7. 14. Is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
  8. 15. ________ cycle takes place in the mitochondria and produces ATP and electron carriers.
Down
  1. 1. A potent inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, which could prevent the utilization of oxygen for ATP synthesis and lead to cellular hypoxia and potentially fatal consequences.
  2. 3. The process that involves movement of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
  3. 5. The process of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is driven by a _________ gradient, generated by the electron transport chain (ETC).
  4. 6. ________ cycle occur in the stroma and use ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose.
  5. 7. When there is _________ of oxidative phosphorylation occur, the proton gradient can be dissipated without producing ATP, which will then generate heat instead of ATP.
  6. 9. A chemical that uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, which then dissipates the proton gradient and lower or prevent ATP synthesis despite continued electron transport and oxygen consumption.
  7. 13. The chlorophyll and other pigments in photosystem II (PSII) absorb light energy, which excites ________ to a higher energy level.