Across
- 2. A genetically determined failure to prevent absorption of unneeded dietary iron that is characterized by iron overload and tissue damage.
- 5. A substance that can grasp the positive ions of a mineral.
- 8. The iron storage protein.
- 9. The oxygen-holding protein of the muscle cells.
- 10. The globular protein of the red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body; hemoglobin accounts for 80 percent of the body’s iron.
- 15. A craving for and consumption of nonfood substances. Pica is known as geophagia (gee-oh-FAY-gee-uh) when referring to eating clay, baby powder, chalk, ash, ceramics, paper, paint chips, or charcoal; pagophagia (pag-oh-FAY-gee-uh) when referring to eating large quantities of ice; and amylophagia (AM-ee-low-FAY-gee-ah) when referring to eating uncooked starch (flour, laundry starch, or raw rice).
- 16. The iron in foods that is not bound to proteins; found in both plant-derived and animal-derived foods.
- 17. The iron in foods that is bound to the hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins; found only in meat, fish, and poultry.
- 18. A sulfur rich protein that avidly binds with and transports metals such as zinc.
- 19. A small, inorganic or organic substance that facilitates the action of an enzyme.
- 22. The withdrawal of blood from the body.
- 24. Iron is found in foods due to contamination by inorganic iron salts from iron cookware, iron-containing soils, and the like.
- 25. The rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used.
- 27. A genetic disorder of copper metabolism that creates a copper toxicity and results in neurologic symptoms such as tremors, impaired speech, inappropriate behaviors, and personality changes.
- 28. A congenital disease of the thyroid characterized by limited mental and physical development and commonly caused by maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy.
- 29. A precursor to hemoglobin.
Down
- 1. The iron transport protein.
- 3. Disease: the heart disease associated with selenium deficiency; named for one of the provinces of China where it was first studied. Keshan disease is characterized by heart enlargement and insufficiency; fibrous tissue replaces the muscle tissue that normally composes the middle layer of the walls of the heart.
- 4. Enzymes that contain one or more minerals as part of their structures.
- 6. Substances that enlarge the thyroid gland and cause toxic goiter. Goitrogens occur naturally in such foods as cabbage, kale, Brussel sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, and kohlrabi.
- 7. A peptide released during the digestion of meat, fish, and poultry that enhances nonheme iron absorption.
- 10. The percentage of total blood volume that consists of red blood cells.
- 11. Proteins that bind to specific sites in DNA and alter gene expression.
- 12. An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to an iodine deficiency, malfunction of the gland, or overconsumption of a goitrogen. Goiter caused by iodine deficiency is sometimes called simple goiter.
- 13. A genetic disorder of copper transport that creates a copper deficiency and results in mental impairment, poor muscle tone, seizures, brittle kinky hair, and failure to thrive.
- 14. Severe depletion of iron stores that results in low hemoglobin and small, pale red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia is a microcytic (my-cro-SIT-ic) hypochromic (high-po-KROME-ic) anemia.
- 20. A hormone produced by the liver that regulates iron balance.
- 21. The stabilized form of tooth crystal, in which fluoride has replaced the hydroxyl groups of hydroxyapatite.
- 23. Discoloration and pitting of tooth enamel caused by excess fluoride during tooth development.
- 26. The state of having depleted iron stores.