Across
- 4. Neglect (2 words) An informal British policy of lax enforcement of colonial trade regulations during the 17th and early 18th centuries, which allowed colonial self-government and economic growth but contributed to later tensions.
- 7. (2 words) The transatlantic exchange of crops, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Old World and the New World after 1492, which transformed economies, populations, and environments on both sides of the Atlantic.
- 9. (2 words) The 1803 acquisition of French territory by the United States, which doubled the nation’s size and raised constitutional questions about executive power.
- 10. (2 words) This officially ended slavery in the United States
- 11. (2 words) A 1620 agreement establishing self-government by the Pilgrims, based on majority rule; it is an early example of colonial democratic governance.
- 13. (2 words) 1863 executive order by Abraham Lincoln declaring enslaved people free in Confederate-held territory, reframing the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
- 14. (3 words) The two sides in the debate over ratifying the Constitution: Federalists supported a strong national government, while Anti-Federalists feared centralized power and demanded protections for individual liberties.
- 15. (3 words) The first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, guaranteeing individual freedoms and limiting the power of the federal government.
Down
- 1. (2 words) A Spanish labor system in which colonists were granted the right to demand labor or tribute from Indigenous peoples in exchange for supposed protection and Christianization; it led to widespread exploitation.
- 2. (3 words) The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies (Virginia, 1619), demonstrating the development of representative government in British North America.
- 3. (2 words) A 1676 uprising by Virginia colonists against colonial leadership, highlighting tensions between frontier settlers and elites and accelerating the shift toward African slave labor.
- 5. (2 words) An 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state while banning slavery north of the 36°30′ line, temporarily maintaining sectional balance.
- 6. (3 words) A set of economic policies including federal assumption of state debts, creation of a national bank, and protective tariffs, designed to stabilize and strengthen the U.S. economy.
- 8. (3 words) 1854 law allowing settlers to vote on slavery through popular sovereignty, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise and increasing sectional violence.
- 12. (2 words) The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand westward across North America, often used to justify territorial expansion and displacement of Native Americans.