Turbines and Pumps

3. Conical needle inside a nozzle used to regulate water flow in a Pelton wheel.
6. Spiral casing surrounding a centrifugal pump impeller.
9. Net positive suction head preventing cavitation.
11. Rotating part of a centrifugal pump with backward-curved vanes.
12. Constant-speed pump curves plotting head, power, and efficiency against discharge.
14. Lowest rotational speed needed for a pump to start delivering water.
15. Large pipe conveying water from the reservoir to the turbine.
17. Rotating wheel of a turbine on which vanes or buckets are mounted.
19. Inward radial flow reaction turbine for medium heads.
20. Centrifugal pump with multiple impellers on one shaft.
22. Device that converts pressure energy into a high-velocity jet in a Pelton wheel.

1. Formation and collapse of vapor bubbles due to low pressure.
2. Gradually expanding pipe at a reaction turbine exit.
4. Tangential flow impulse turbine for high heads.
5. Stationary or adjustable blades directing water smoothly onto a reaction turbine runner.
7. Sealed pump-motor unit designed to operate completely underwater.BUCKETS, Cup-shaped blades mounted on the periphery of a Pelton wheel.
8. Axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable vanes for low heads.
10. Filling the pump casing and suction pipe with liquid before starting.
13. Turbine type using only kinetic energy at the inlet.
16. Impeller arrangement in a multistage pump used to deliver a very high discharge.
18. Turbine type using both pressure and kinetic energy at the inlet.
21. Impeller arrangement in a multistage pump used to produce a very high head.