Across
- 4. A political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. Federations share power between the national government and constituent political units.
- 6. A political and economic ideology aiming for a classless society where all property is publicly owned, and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. In practice, it often involves a single-party state with centralized control over the economy and society.
- 7. A form of government in which a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, and religious leaders govern in the deity’s name. The legal system is often based on religious law.
- 10. A government led by a committee of military leaders. Juntas often come to power after a coup d'état and maintain control through military force. (2 words, no space)
- 11. The absence of any form of political authority or government. Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates for a society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups.
- 13. A form of democracy where the country is considered a "public matter" and is not the private concern or property of the rulers. In a republic, the head of state is usually an elected or nominated president.
- 14. A system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government. The monarch may be the de facto head of state or a purely ceremonial leader. (2 words, no space)
- 15. A form of government in which power is held by the nobility. Traditionally, aristocracies were hereditary, but the term can also apply to any form of government where a privileged class rules.
Down
- 1. An extreme form of authoritarianism where the state seeks to control every aspect of life, including the economy, education, art, science, and private life. Totalitarian regimes maintain power through pervasive surveillance, propaganda, and terror.
- 2. A system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. Democracies can be direct, where citizens directly participate in decision-making, or representative, where they elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
- 3. A form of government with a monarch at the head. Monarchies can be absolute, where the monarch has almost complete control, or constitutional, where the monarch's powers are limited by law or by a formal constitution.
- 5. An economic and political system where the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, often through the state. Socialism can coexist with democratic institutions and aims to reduce inequalities.
- 8. A form of government where power is in the hands of a small group of people, often from the same social, economic, or political elite. This group exercises control for corrupt and selfish purposes.
- 9. A union of sovereign states, united for purposes of common action often in relation to other states. In a confederation, the central authority is relatively weak, and the individual member states retain a high degree of independence.
- 12. A form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. Individual freedoms are subordinate to the state and there is little or no constitutional accountability.