Types of Research Studies

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Across
  1. 4. have a control group
  2. 5. observe groups of people in their normal environment, do not involve treatment or intervention
  3. 8. the sampling of individual units from a population
  4. 10. research method that incorporates scientific procedures to test a hypothesis
  5. 11. the outcome has not occurred at the time of initiation of the study. The researcher determines exposure and follows participants into the future to assess outcomes
  6. 13. take place before any testing in humans is done
  7. 16. to find out more about a particular intervention, or treatment
  8. 17. side-by-side comparison, systematically compares two or more things to pinpoint similarities and differences
  9. 19. examines all the literature related to a specific research question in a standardised way
Down
  1. 1. involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time
  2. 2. provides portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation or group. Focuses more on the “what” of the research subject than the “why”
  3. 3. used to look at characteristics in given population i.e. past smoking habits and current diagnoses of lung cancer
  4. 6. look for a relationship between two or more variables, or things, that naturally occur in the same environment
  5. 7. simplest type of descriptive study, the researcher describes patient symptoms, signs, diagnosis, or treatment
  6. 9. combined results of many studies rather than a single evaluation
  7. 12. observational study design, participants do not have the outcome of interest to begin with, they are selected based on the exposure status of the individual and followed over time to evaluate for occurrence of outcome of interest
  8. 14. patients cross over from one treatment to another during the course of the trial, removing variation between participants which exists in a parallel trial where each participant only receives one intervention
  9. 15. the outcome of interest has already occurred when the study commences
  10. 18. clinical trial in which participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group or control group (abbrev)