Unit 1 and 2 - Exam Practice

1. (blank) T cells are used to monitor the immune system and keep it from acting inappropriately.
5. system composed of roughly 20 proteins working together to destroy pathogens and signal other immune cells.
7. one of three pathways used to activate the complement system; binding of a protein known as mannose-binding lectin (MBL).
11. considered the prototype antibody; 5 classes known as G, A, D, E, and M.
13. proteins that present antigens to T cells.
16. (blank) immune system is considered the third line of defense; is able to adapt.
17. (blank) T cells are used to recognize and destroy virus-infected cells.
18. process of pathogen destruction involving a macrophage, phagocyte, and lysosome.
22. region on the antibody where antigens can bind.
23. a protein that facilitates communication between immune cells.
25. Y-shaped protein consisting of a Fab and Fc region; produced by B-cells upon contact with specific pathogens.
26. a signal is displayed by this receptor after it recognizing class I MHC molecules on target cells.
28. (blank) immune system that all humans have at birth; considered our second line of defense.
29. process of rapid cell division.
30. one of three states of macrophage activation; occurs after a LPS or mannose molecule binds to specific receptors. Largest and most toxic state.
31. immune defender cell that has three levels of activation, all with different features/functions.

2. a type of white blood cell that B cells and T cells are made of.
3. one of three states of macrophage activation; includes the upregulated expression of class II MHC molecules and antigen-presenting cells.
4. "tester" antibodies who use their fab region to search for cognate antigens.
6. (blank) antibodies have the ability to prohibit viruses from reproducing or entering cells.
8. vesicle containing chemicals and enzymes that are toxic to bacteria and other pathogens.
9. a type of white blood cell that can mature into a macrophage upon entering the tissues.
10. highly phagocytic reinforcement cell that becomes available when needed.
12. one of three pathways used to activate the complement system; formation of C3 convertase.
14. chemicals that recruit other immune cells; examples include C3a and C5a.
15. method used by B cells to make more copies of themselves, when they are in demand.
19. a signal is displayed by this receptor after interacting with unusual carbohydrates or proteins.
20. an immune cell most commonly found in the blood, spleen, or liver; "roll, stop, exit" the blood when needed.
21. a type of cytokine that has the ability to kill tumor or virus-infected cells.
24. process by which pathogens are "tagged" for phagocytic destruction.
27. (blank) T cells direct and communicate with other immune cells by secreting cytokines.