Unit 1-Taxonomy, Techniques and Antibiotics

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Across
  1. 2. ITS regions can be used as sequencing targets to identify ________ organisms.
  2. 5. PFGE is based on restriction digest and gel electrophoresis of a ______ genome to look for a distinct pattern of fragments.
  3. 6. Linezolid belongs wo this drug class, which inhibits protein synthesis.
  4. 8. The __________ control exists to detect sample inhibition of the reaction.
  5. 10. Daptomycin has a hydrophobic tail which can be inserted into the cell membrane of gram positive organisms causing _____________ and death.
  6. 12. Beta-lactamase inhibitors work by acting as __________ for the beta-lactamase and reducing their effect on the antibiotic.
  7. 16. Resistance to which drug is caused by an altered peptidoglycan terminus?
  8. 17. This drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
  9. 18. Antimicrobials that target the _____ _____ are ineffective against Mycoplasma.
  10. 19. The primary resistance mechanism to quinolones is __________ by mutation encoding single amino acid changes in the targets.
  11. 20. _______ PCR primers are a set of 2 primers that can give added sensitivity and specificity.
  12. 21. Fluoroquinolones target DNA and RNA __________.
  13. 24. In RT-PCR with Taqman hydrolysis probes, when the polymerase encounters the probe it is _________ which releases the fluorochrome from the quencher and allows detection.
  14. 26. Taqman hydrolysis probes have a ___________ on one end and a quencher on the other.
  15. 27. Intrinsic mechanisms are ________ mechanisms of the bacteria that transmitted to their progeny.
Down
  1. 1. The beta-lactam ring is responsible for inhibiting the __________ reaction which results in bacterial lysis and cell death.
  2. 2. Sulfonamides block growth by interfering with _______ _______ synthesis.
  3. 3. Colistin is a polypeptide that binds to ____ in gram negative organisms.
  4. 4. A _________ taxonomic approach incorporates both genetic and phenotypic data.
  5. 7. What is the first step of PCR?
  6. 9. Which drug class blocks attachment of tRNA to the ribosome?
  7. 11. Identification of organisms by _________ depends on differentiation between well conserved ribosomal proteins.
  8. 13. Formic acid is added before the matrix when identifying _____ isolates.
  9. 14. Aminoglycosides behave _____________ with beta-lactams and must be tested with high-level disks in Enterococci.
  10. 15. What is the third step of PCR?
  11. 22. A _____ and ____ positive control is required for a RT-PCR assay.
  12. 23. The purpose of using ______ in MALDI-TOF is to act as a proton source, lock proteins into a crystalline structure, and to absorb and transfer energy from the laser.
  13. 25. What is the second step of PCR?