Across
- 4. D. Rockefeller, Had a monopoly on the Oil Industry, through his company, Standard Oil. He controlled over 90% of the country’s oil supplies during his life. Practiced philanthropy at the end of his life.
- 8. VS Tesla, A competition between Nikola Tesla, and Thomas Edison to create the first monopoly over electricity, with the help of JP Morgan. Edison invented DC, and Tesla invented AC.
- 9. Island, The main immigration checkpoint on the West coast. Located in San Francisco Bay, mainly processed asian immigrants.
- 10. Vanderbilt, Created the first monopoly ever, using the shipping industry as a foundation. Known for being very combative and cunning, he monopolized shipping, before expanding to railroads. He owned all the railroads in the Eastern and Mid-Eastern states.
- 12. Strike, A strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania, at the Carnegie Steel plant. Workers went on strike to protest better pay and conditions, and a violent confrontation between the “Pinkertons” (Corporate militias) resulted in deaths.
- 14. Small little “apartments” 7-8 floors tall with 10-20 apartments on each floor that had no running water, electricity, a shared bathroom on each floor. Poor ventilation lead to rapid spread of disease.
- 17. Factors of Immigration, Push factors are a force that pushes you away from your home country (involuntary), and Pull factors are forces that draw you towards a country (voluntary)
- 19. Darwinism, The theory of “survival of the fittest” applied to the economy, in where the rich survive, and the poor don’t.
- 21. Ford, Revolutionized and monopolized automobile industry. He made cars affordable for all classes of people, and he also invented the assembly line. He was also the first to use a 5 day workweek.
- 22. Island, The main immigration checkpoint on the East coast, located in NY, next to the Statue of liberty. Mainly processed european immigrants.
- 24. Baron, A Monopoly/business owner that exploits workers for profits, and is generally greedy and money-hungry. Typically also drains a county of natural resources.
- 25. Tweed, The most well known political boss in our history. He had control of NYC, and embezzled over $200 million. He gave favors to immigrants in return for votes, which kept him in office. (Fun fact - The “Get out of Jail free card in Monopoly is based on him.)
Down
- 1. Unions, Working class people join together to fight against robber barons, for shorter work days, better pay, removal of child labor, and safer working conditions. Typically this was done through strikes.
- 2. Exclusion Act, A law that banned Chinese immigration for all but a select few (diplomats, who still had to get very explicit permission). Meant to last 10 years, but it was extended, and lasted over 20.
- 3. Integration, Purchasing all the steps to produce a product (eliminating the “middle man”)
- 5. of Industry, A Monopoly/business owner who creates jobs, treats workers well, increases productivity, and practices philanthropy at the end of their life.
- 6. Integration, Purchasing all the competitors so that you have full control of all the product.
- 7. Rapid growth during the gilded age, where cities grew up, not out. Lots of available housing and jobs, but it created lots of problems.
- 11. Gilded Age, A period of prosperity in the United States that lasted 1877-1900s, It was a period of superficial glitter, rapid growth, corruption, and new wealth.
- 13. Morgan, Created a monopoly on the Finance Industry. He personally financed many politicians, and had a habit of collecting monopolies.
- 15. When one person/company owns all of a product through vertical or horizontal integration.
- 16. Prioritizing the interests of native born people rather than immigrants, typically by using immigration restrictions.
- 18. Economics, The idea that the government should not interfere with the economy, and should let business compete with each other to produce a cheaper, higher quality product.
- 20. Antitrust Act, In 1890, an act was passed that made it illegal to form trusts/monopolies. It forced people to break up their companies, but only applied to commerce. This also got rid of the Laissez Faire Economy.
- 23. Carnegie, The image of “rags to riches.” Born to poor scottish family, immigrated, and made a monopoly on the steel industry. His company, US Steel, became the first billion-dollar company. Donated 90% of his wealth at the end of his life.