Unit 2 Mega Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. A region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica. Includes early civilizations like the Olmecs.
  2. 7. Persian people from what is now Iran, who invaded Mesopotamia around 1900 B.C.E
  3. 9. Denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
  4. 10. the Great Also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire.
  5. 11. A kingdom in Africa close to the Golden Horn that was tribute based in its centralization of authority. It creates a lasting Christian presence in Africa.
  6. 12. island A Chilean territory, is a remote volcanic island in Polynesia. It's famed for its archaeological sites, including some 900 monumental statues, called moai, created by its early Rapa Nui inhabitants during the 10th-16th centuries. The moai are carved human figures with oversize heads, often resting on massive rock altars called ahus. Ahu Tongariki has the largest group of upright moai.
  7. 15. Technical or chiefly British term for corn.
  8. 17. A prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed.
  9. 20. A loosely compacted yellowish-gray deposit of windblown sediment of which extensive deposits occur, in eastern China and the American Midwest.
  10. 21. The doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
  11. 23. Righteous duties and deed. Your lot in life. Do it well.
  12. 24. A form of Hindustani written in Devanagari and with many loanwords from Sanskrit, an official language of India, and the most widely spoken language of northern India.
  13. 25. An ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.
  14. 26. Was the sixth Amorite king of Babylon from 1792 BC to 1750 BC middle chronology. He became the first king of the Babylonian Empire.
  15. 30. The first of the three biblical patriarchs. His story, told in chapters 11 through 25 of the Book of Genesis, plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
  16. 33. civilization An extinct, prehistoric Paleo-Indian civilization, named for Chavín de Huántar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found.
  17. 35. epic of Gilgamesh An epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. Dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur, it is often regarded as the first great work of literature.
  18. 36. A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
  19. 39. Diaspora Also known as the Exile. Refers to the dispersion of Israelites and later Jews out of what is considered their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and the communities built by them across the world.
  20. 40. Is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.
  21. 41. A large semi-arid sandy savannah in southern Africa extending 900,000 square kilometres, covering much of Botswana, parts of Namibia, and South Africa.
  22. 45. An ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. It is counted among the four canonical sacred texts of Hinduism known as the Vedas.
  23. 47. script Writing system based on alphabetic characters. Associated with the Phoenicians.
  24. 49. river A north-flowing river in Africa, is among the world's longest waterways, famed for its ancient history and archaeological sites. The fertile Upper Nile gave rise to early Egyptian civilization and is still home to the Great Pyramids and Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.
  25. 52. Menes An ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty.
  26. 53. Dynasty the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian. Potentially fictional.
  27. 56. Exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.
  28. 58. River Valley Civilization (IRVC) Ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley, from about 2500 to 1500 b.c.: extensive archaeological excavations at the main sites of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in Pakistan. Also called Indus Civilization.
  29. 59. A member of any of the peoples speaking a Dravidian language.
  30. 61. A person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
  31. 62. Name for the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, the northeastern section of Syria, as well as parts of southeastern Turkey and of southwestern Iran. Means "land between the rivers" in Greek.
  32. 64. Enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing. Writing system used by Ancient Egypt.
  33. 67. An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
  34. 70. Sumer was one of the ancient civilizations and historical regions in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze ages.
  35. 71. A subregion of Oceania, made up of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.
  36. 72. A member of an ancient people who established an empire in Asia Minor and Syria that flourished from circa 1700 to circa 1200 BC. Known for their iron weapons and tools.
  37. 74. Kingdom Referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt.
  38. 75. of Hammurabi A well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.
  39. 77. Kingdom The period of Egyptian history 2000-1785 B. C.
  40. 80. Jiang (Yangtze) Known in China as the Chang Jiang or the Yangtze, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. Chinese civilization expanded to this river.
  41. 84. Government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.
  42. 85. Known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV, was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC. Tried to create a new Egyptian religion of sun worship.
  43. 87. Relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples.
  44. 89. Language A large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the world's population
  45. 90. A member of the ancient Hebrew nation, especially in the period from the Exodus to the Babylonian Captivity.
  46. 91. A region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.
  47. 92. The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
  48. 93. Dynasty A Chinese dynasty (traditionally dated 1766-1122 bc) whose second capital was present-day Anyang. The dynasty's reign was marked by a complex social structure, the development of a written language, and the use of bronze.
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  1. 1. Each of a series of Hindu sacred treatises written in Sanskrit circa 800-200 BC, expounding the Vedas in predominantly mystical and monistic terms.
  2. 2. The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.
  3. 4. A people of mixed Semitic and Asian descent who invaded Egypt and settled in the Nile delta circa 1640 BC. They formed the 15th and 16th dynasties of Egypt and ruled a large part of the country until driven out circa 1532 BC.
  4. 5. A country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen.
  5. 6. A pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. Pictographs were used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 BC. Current Chinese script uses this principle.
  6. 8. people Various populations in Asia, Oceania and Africa that speak languages of the Austronesian family.
  7. 13. of Heaven Ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly. If the going got tough, it was often proof the Emperor had lost the mandate,
  8. 14. Release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma.
  9. 16. A person belonging to one of the indigenous peoples of Australia. Also a generic term for an original inhabitant.
  10. 18. Kingdom established around 2500 B.C.E. , which at some point conquered Egypt briefly.
  11. 19. Ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the dried-up, ancient channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.
  12. 22. veneration Deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living.
  13. 27. To make (a dead body) into a mummy, as by embalming and drying
  14. 28. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a patriarch. Often used to mean male controlled.
  15. 29. A member of the indigenous non-Semitic people of ancient Babylonia.
  16. 31. The clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land. The first step in turning the wilderness into a shopping center.
  17. 32. The most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion.
  18. 34. The male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
  19. 37. age An idyllic, often imaginary past time of peace, prosperity, and happiness.
  20. 38. of the Dead An ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom to around 50 BCE.
  21. 42. The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. Also known in Zhou China in a similar form.
  22. 43. Belief in many gods.
  23. 44. A rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. Ziggurats are first attested in the late 3rd millennium BC. Primarily associated with Mesopotamia.
  24. 46. A hieroglyphic character or symbol; a pictograph.
  25. 48. He Is the third-longest river in Asia, following the Yangtze River and Yenisei River, and the sixth-longest in the world. One of the two most important rivers in China. Cradle of Chinese civilization.
  26. 50. A ruler in ancient Egypt.
  27. 51. Crescent A crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, the Nile Valley and Nile Delta of northeast Africa, it was also near Asia Minor or known as Anatolia.
  28. 54. It was the seat of the powerful Carthaginian Empire, which fell to Rome in the 2nd century B.C.E. during the Punic Wars. In modern day Tunisia near Tunis.
  29. 55. A member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine and, according to biblical tradition, descended from the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham.
  30. 57. dynasty Was the longest-lasting of China's dynasties. Known for their feudal state.
  31. 60. The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.
  32. 63. Kingdom The name given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization - the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley.
  33. 65. Original hearth civilization of Mesoamerica. Known for their stone heads and worship of jaguars. .
  34. 66. The Semitic language of the Phoenicians, written in an alphabet that was the ancestor of the Greek and Roman alphabets. Founded many colonies including Carthage.
  35. 68. The largest hot desert and third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Hosted a key trade route in early history. Also provided a barrier for the Egyptians.
  36. 69. and Euphrates Rivers surrounding Mesopotamia. Created a vital early river valley.
  37. 71. A material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats.
  38. 73. Commandments Laws or rules handed down to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. Important in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths.
  39. 76. degradation The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.
  40. 78. A line of hereditary rulers of a country.
  41. 79. An overreaching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth. Hinduism.
  42. 81. The disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of Ra.
  43. 82. A member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham.
  44. 83. Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 km west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. The current village of Harappa is 6 km from the ancient site. A major city of the IRVC.
  45. 86. A group of close-knit and interrelated families (especially associated with families in the Scottish Highlands).
  46. 88. of labor The assignment of different parts of a or task to different people in order to improve efficiency. important after agriculture.