UNIT 1 Bio 10

5. Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically facilitated by diffusion or osmosis.
6. Organelles responsible for cellular respiration, producing energy (ATP) from glucose and oxygen.
8. The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where organelles are suspended and various cellular processes occur.
10. Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
12. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient.
13. Membrane-bound sacs within the cell that store water, nutrients, or waste products.
14. Cells Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are more complex and larger in size compared to prokaryotic cells.
16. Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. Examples include mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
19. Theory The scientific theory that states all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
20. Reticulum A network of membranes within the cell that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as transport within the cell.

1. The organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
2. The process by which cells engulf external materials by forming a vesicle from the cell membrane.
3. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
4. Small organelles responsible for protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into polypeptide chains.
7. Membrane A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
9. Cells Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
11. Organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
15. Organelles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
17. The process by which cells release substances from vesicles into the extracellular environment by fusion with the cell membrane.
18. Apparatus An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.