Across
- 3. oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
- 6. the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.
- 8. a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
- 10. neurons that carry incoming information from the body's tissue and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
- 15. the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy
- 20. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
- 23. a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus
- 24. a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action.
- 25. cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory.
- 26. a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress
- 28. chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues.
- 30. tissue destruction, causes destruction of brain tissue
- 32. a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio-waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue
- 33. a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron.
- 35. bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
- 38. the brain and spinal cord
- 42. chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse
- 44. natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
- 45. in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state.
Down
- 1. neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
- 2. a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one anode to the next
- 4. a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain's structure
- 5. neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
- 7. neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
- 9. the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
- 11. the base of the brainstem ;controls heartbeat and breathing
- 12. a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action.
- 13. the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
- 14. brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
- 16. the endocrine system's most influential gland. Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
- 17. the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
- 18. the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands.
- 19. a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body
- 21. a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
- 22. nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal
- 24. two lima-bean-sized neaural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
- 27. the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cell's life-support center
- 29. neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs several matainance activities
- 31. a neuron's reaction of either firing or not firing
- 32. a brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain's natural electrical activity
- 34. the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
- 36. "little brain" at the rear of brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory
- 37. a technique for revealing bloodflow and brain activity by comparing successive mri scans. Show brain function as well as structure
- 39. the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
- 40. neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit memories of facts and events
- 41. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
- 43. an amplified recording of the waves of the electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface. Measured by electrodes placed on the scalp