Across
- 3. The intentional use of language, voice, and body language used by a debater in order to persuade
- 5. A period during the debate when a member of one team asks questions of a member of the opposing team
- 6. A method used for developing a case about policies that advocates adoption of the plan based on its advantages compared with the status quo or some other policy; in other words, you are arguing to establish that one plan is better than another plan
- 8. An exception made to a claim; it usually involves a situation in which the arguer does not wish to maintain the claim
- 10. A speech that presents a debater’s basic arguments for or against the resolution; in a formal debate, this is the opening and main speech
- 12. Supporting a certain action based on the connection between that action and a general principle
- 16. A strategy the negative uses to defend the present system with minor changes
- 17. The part of the affirmative case that identifies a certain problem in the status quo that the existing system cannot solve
- 19. A method of reasoning used in cause-and-effect analysis that examines more than one case where two elements are simultaneously present, concluding that one is the cause of the other
- 20. Supporting associations between causes and effects
- 22. Aristotle’s concept that a persuasive argument will make appeals based on logic, emotion, and credibility (logos, pathos, ethos)
- 24. Observable data, something that can be proved, used to support arguments
- 25. A statement that explains other facts or that predicts the occurrence of events
- 28. The formal process of arguing about claims in situations where an adjudicator must decide the outcome
- 30. A method used for developing a case about policies that involves the identification of a need, proposal of a plan, and a demonstration of the advantages (the team must explain the positive effects of their plan)
- 31. Rejecting something because it is incompatible with something else
Down
- 1. A method of reason used in cause-and-effect analysis that examines examples that demonstrate that as the amount of the cause increases (or decreases) the effect will too
- 2. A logical argument must meet the standards of: acceptability, relevance, and sufficiency; this is sometimes referred to as the “RSA triangle”
- 4. A method of reasoning used in cause-and-effect analysis that examines examples wherein both the purported cause and purported effect are absent, concluding that one caused the other
- 7. A model of argument developed by philosopher Stephen Toulmin; the basic model includes evidence, warrant, claim, and reservation; this model is popular for constructing debate speeches
- 9. The structure of the debate that both sides agree to use; there are several types but two we will study are: Karl Popper is a debate format that matches two three-person teams against each other Lincoln-Douglass is a one v. one format
- 11. type of reasoning that examines the reasons certain actions, events, or conditions (causes) create specific consequences (effects)
- 13. A course of action proposed by the affirmative that will solve the problems identified in the need
- 14. Supporting an association between specific examples and a general rule
- 15. A document on which the judge records the decision, the reasons for the decision, and speaker points awarded to each debater
- 18. An observer of a debate who has the responsibility of deciding which team has done a better job of debating
- 21. A controversial statement (a claim) supported by evidence and a warrant; the standards of a logically good argument include acceptability, relevance, sufficiency; argumentation is the uniquely human use of reasoning to communicate
- 23. quo The course of action currently pursued; this is also known as the present system
- 26. A final claim made by a debater and supported by a combination of claims; the four main types are: definition, description, relationship, and evaluation (value)
- 27. Supporting a claim with the opinion of experts
- 29. A type of evidence that supports associations between things based on their similarity or dissimilarity