Across
- 4. Redefined the concept of gravity through his theory of general relativity.
- 5. The fabric in which all objects exist, it contains the three dimensions of space with one dimension of time, treating them as interconnected rather than separate
- 7. Range from the extremely hot and bright O-type stars to the much cooler and dimmer M-type stars.
- 12. A dense layer rich in hydrogen, where energy from the core slowly moves outward by radiation, taking thousands of years to pass through.
- 14. An astronomer who proposed the Heliocentric Model.
- 18. Special group of twelve constellations that lie along the ecliptic plane.
- 20. Orbital movement around the Sun.
- 25. No clear shape and look scattered or uneven, often because gravity from nearby galaxies has distorted them.
- 26. A continuous stream of charged particles flowing outward from the Corona.
- 28. A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
- 30. Time slows down for objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light.
- 32. Is a force that causes objects with mass to attract one another.
- 34. Clusters themselves form enormous networks
- 36. Celestial objects made up of mixtures of rock, ice, and dust, loosely held together by the gravitational attraction between their particles.
- 38. Sun is the center of the solar system, and the planets orbit the Sun.
- 41. Proposed the geocentric model of the universe.
- 43. The visible portion is shrinking each night.
- 47. Angle between the Sun and the horizon.
- 48. A region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it.
- 50. Sudden intense bursts of radiation from the Sun's surface.
- 51. A precision instrument that measures the angle between a celestial object and the horizon—to determine their position at sea.
- 53. A planets spinning motion on its own axis.
- 54. Survives the journey and lands on the surface of a planet.
- 55. Natural satellites that orbit planets.
- 56. Marks the apparent boundary where the sky seems to meet the ground.
- 57. A large celestial body that orbits a star.
- 60. Located directly beneath your feet.
- 61. Massive glowing sphere of hot gases (mostly H and He) at the center of our solar system.
- 63. The curved, repeating path an object takes around another, more massive object due to gravity.
- 64. Plots stars by their luminosity (brightness) and surface temperature.
- 66. Suggests that about 13.8 billion years ago, all matter, energy, space, and time were compressed into an extremely hot and dense point called a singularity. This singularity suddenly began to expand eventually cooling and allowing atoms, stars, and galaxies to form.
- 67. Redshift or blueshift of light from moving objects.
- 69. Orbit the sun and are round in shape like regular planets, but lack enough mass to clear their orbital paths of other debris.
- 70. Imaginary line that runs from the north horizon through the zenith to the south horizon, dividing the sky into eastern and western halves.
- 71. The point in the sky that lies directly overhead, representing the highest position above you
- 72. The Sun’s wide outermost atmospheric layer - this is also the hottest part of the sun's atmosphere.
Down
- 1. Between clusters and superclusters are immense, nearly empty regions.
- 2. Best known for refining and advancing the heliocentric theory originally proposed by Copernicus.
- 3. Hydrogen atoms are forced together to form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
- 6. Smooth and round or oval-shaped, made mostly of older stars with little gas or dust, so few new stars form there.
- 8. Layer where hot gases rise toward the surface while cooler gases sink deeper into the interior, creating a cycle that helps transfer energy to the Sun’s outer layers.
- 9. Groups of stars that never set below the horizon and can be seen all year long from a given location.
- 10. At the center of the Sun where temperatures and pressures are extremely high, allowing hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium in a process called nuclear fusion.
- 11. Groups of stars that form recognizable patterns in the night sky.
- 13. The apparent path the Sun takes across the sky throughout the year.
- 15. Acts as a repulsive force, causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate over time.
- 16. Difference in elapsed time between two observers due to a difference in their relative velocity or their position in a gravitational field.
- 17. Massive clouds of plasma and charged particles ejected into space.
- 19. Provides the unseen gravitational “glue” that helps hold galaxies and clusters together.
- 21. The residual heat left over from the Big Bang, appearing as a faint glow of microwave radiation that fills the entire universe
- 22. A rotating star map that can be adjusted to match the date and time.
- 23. First to propose the idea of the Big Bang Theory.
- 24. Galaxies that are grouped together.
- 27. Inventing a more advanced form of the telescope made key observations to support the heliocentric model.
- 29. Due to concentrated magnetic activity that disrupts the normal flow of energy.
- 31. Vibrant light displays created when energetic particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere.
- 33. the stronger the gravity, the slower time passes relative to someone farther away.
- 35. Visible during certain times of the year.
- 37. Any body in space that has mass.
- 39. A thin orange-red layer that can be seen during a solar eclipse or with special instruments.
- 40. States that the square of a planet’s orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
- 42. Glowing as it passes through the atmosphere.
- 44. Vast clouds of gas and dust in space.
- 45. Pieces of rock and ice that never clumped together into a planet.
- 46. Have bright centers with curved arms that spin outward, filled with young, hot stars.
- 49. Planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths, with the Sun located at one of the two focus points
- 52. Earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun, moon, stars, and planets all revolved around it.
- 58. The visible sunlit portion is growing larger each night.
- 59. The surface of the Sun, the part we can see with the naked eye, and it’s where most of the Sun’s visible light comes from.
- 62. When it’s still traveling through space.
- 65. Compass direction from which the sunlight is coming.
- 68. Massive collection of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity.