Across
- 3. Describes an atom or ion that can have more than one valence, or charge, allowing it to bond with multiple other atoms. Transition metals, for example, are often multivalent.
- 6. metal Any of the reactive metallic elements found in Group 2 of the periodic table, such as magnesium and calcium. They have two valence electrons and readily lose both to form a +2 ion.
- 9. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table. Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
- 10. element An element in Groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table, also known as a main-group element. These elements have their valence electrons in s or p orbitals and represent the wide range of properties found across the table.
- 11. Describes an atom or ion with a valence of one, meaning it typically gains, loses, or shares one electron to form a chemical bond.
Down
- 1. gas Any of the elements in Group 18, including helium, neon, and argon. With a full outer electron shell, they are largely unreactive, or inert, under normal conditions.
- 2. The tendency of an atom or compound to undergo a chemical reaction. It is influenced by the stability of its electron configuration and other factors like bond strength.
- 4. metal Any of the highly reactive metallic elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table, including lithium, sodium, and potassium. They have one valence electron and readily lose it to form a +1 ion.
- 5. Any of the highly reactive, nonmetallic elements in Group 17, which includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. They have seven valence electrons and tend to gain one to form a -1 ion.
- 7. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table. The number of the period corresponds to the highest energy level that an element's electrons occupy.
- 8. law States that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.