Unit 2 Vocabulary

4. Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
6. Principal Pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
10. amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
11. Electron carrier involved in glycolysis
16. set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle
18. Cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions(H+) to pass through
19. process that requires oxygen
20. Compound used by cells to store and release energy
21. Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts

1. Light absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy
2. Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
3. Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
5. set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
7. the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar
8. Cluster of Chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids
9. First set of reactions in cellular respiration during which a molecule of glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
12. Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
13. Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion
14. Process that does NOT require oxygen
15. Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy- extracting reactions
17. (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules