Across
- 2. divergent boundary under the ocean where new seafloor forms.
- 3. the motion of the continents over time
- 6. plates split, new land forms
- 8. a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras
- 10. the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle
- 12. As the Earth's crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress. Slowly they deform, until their internal rigidity is exceeded.
- 13. the force per unit area that is placed on a rock
- 14. a change in shape or size resulting from applied forces
- 15. Formed when molten rock rises through the crust and pushes up the rock layers above it
- 17. the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface
- 19. the change in size or shape of an object
- 22. hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
- 23. the place inside Earth's crust where an earthquake originates
- 24. an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
- 28. a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement
- 30. an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs can only barely detect an earthquake after its seismic waves have passed through the Earth
- 31. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
- 34. a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of Earth’s Plates
- 36. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
- 37. a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph
- 39. a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.
- 40. sliding plate force is a proposed driving force for plate motion in plate tectonics that occurs at mid-ocean ridges as the result of the rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raised asthenosphere below mid-ocean ridges
- 43. a seismic water wave
- 44. a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object
- 45. a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock
- 47. an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
- 48. plates collide
- 49. the quasi-periodic aggregation and dispersal of Earth's continental crust.
- 50. a line of mountains connected by high ground.
- 51. a fluidized mixture of hot rock fragments, gases, and entrapped air that moves at high speed in thick, dark, turbulent clouds that hug the ground
Down
- 1. the branch of geophysics concerned with the magnetism in rocks that was induced by the earth's magnetic field at the time of their formation.
- 4. a fragment of crustal material formed on, or broken off from, one tectonic plate and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate.
- 5. hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
- 7. the superocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea
- 9. a record produced by a seismograph.
- 11. a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media
- 16. a soft, light permanent wave designed to give the hair fullness.
- 18. volcanic activity or phenomena.
- 20. a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake
- 21. Continental Crust is pushed together and up
- 25. the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
- 26. process by which new crust forms at midocean ridges
- 27. areas within tectonic plates where magma reaches the surface
- 29. when one or stacks of originally flat and planar surfaces such as sedimentary beds become bent or curved
- 32. fronts rise along normal faults as a result of crustal stretching
- 33. a section of a fault that has produced earthquakes in the past but is now quiet.
- 35. the shallow water area found in proximity to continents
- 36. is that part of the motion of a tectonic plate caused by its subduction
- 38. plates slide past each other, forming faults and causing earthquakes
- 41. describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the earth's surface and on humans and their structures
- 42. an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape
- 46. a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart