Across
- 3. An extracellular enzyme chiefly for hydrolysis of nutrient macromolecules that are otherwise impervious to the cell membrane.
- 4. relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells
- 5. state of being inactive
- 10. Patches of lymphatic tissue containing B and T cells that underlie the surface of most mucosal surfaces in the body.
- 12. plasmalike fluid carried by lymphatic cirrculation
- 16. microbe passes host defense
- 17. Regulatory chemical released by cells of the immune system that serves as signal between different cells.
- 18. Butterfly-shaped organ near the tip of the sternum that is the site of T-cell maturation.
- 19. third line of defense
- 21. infection spreads to several sites and tissue
- 22. period from the initial contact with an infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptom
- 25. Molecules on the surfaces of many types of microbes that are not present on host cells that mark the microbes as foreign.
- 27. leukocyte (white blood cell) having globular, nonlobed nuclei and lacking prominent cytoplasmic granules.
- 30. Bacterial toxins that are potent stimuli for T cells and can be a factor in diseases such as toxic shock
- 31. immunity that arises naturally in an organism via previous experience with the antigen.
- 34. first line and second line of defense
- 35. disease communication, the natural host or habitat of a pathogen.
- 37. chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong
- 38. Patches of lymphatic tissue containing B and T cells that underlie the surface of many skin surfaces in the body.
- 39. Enzymes secreted by cytotoxic T cells that damage proteins of target cells.
- 40. observed by others
- 41. large amount of white blood cells
- 43. progresses and persistent infection
- 44. Proteins released by cytotoxic T cells that produce pores in target cells
- 45. pus formers:pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, and neisseriae.
- 46. evidence of disease sense by patient
- 48. Originating outside the body.
Down
- 1. ability of the body to recognize and react with multiple foreign substances
- 2. Oblong lymphoid aggregates of the gut located chiefly in the wall of the terminal and small intestine.
- 6. serum protein components that act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative (properdin) pathway
- 7. Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.
- 8. incomplete or partial antigen
- 9. process by which the various types of blood cells are formed, such as in the bone marrow.
- 11. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
- 13. swelling, redness post trauma
- 14. enzyme found in sweat, tears, and saliva that breaks down bacterial peptidoglycan.
- 15. An infection that produces no noticeable symptoms even though the microbe is active in the host tissue.
- 20. any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin
- 23. A specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms.
- 24. precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.
- 26. antigen that is present in some but not all members of the same species.
- 27. microbes gain a more stable foothold at the portal of entry
- 28. microbes found on/in normal human
- 29. hazardous, outmoded process of deliberately introducing smallpox material scraped from a victim into the nonimmune subject in the hope of inducing resistance
- 32. originating or produced within an organism or one of its parts
- 33. comes on rapidly with severe, but short effects
- 36. white blood cells capable of engulfing other cells and particles.
- 42. A toxin (usually protein) that is secreted and acts upon a specific cellular target.
- 44. more than one microbe infection
- 47. A collection of monocytes and macrophages scattered throughout the extracellular spaces that function to engulf and degrade foreign molecules.