Across
- 4. a less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
- 7. an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession.
- 11. in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.
- 12. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
- 14. a binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing retinal images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance-the greater disparity between the two images, the closer the object.
- 15. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
- 16. perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change.
- 17. a depth cue, such as interposition or linear perspective, available to either eye alone.
- 21. the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
- 26. an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
- 27. hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve deafness.
- 28. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.
Down
- 1. perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.
- 2. a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulation the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.
- 3. the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.
- 5. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.
- 6. the theory that the spinal cord contains a "gate: that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
- 8. the sense of smell.
- 9. the ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
- 10. a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
- 13. a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency.
- 18. the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
- 19. our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance.
- 20. a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes.
- 22. cognition the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.
- 23. the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.
- 24. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses.
- 25. our movement sense-our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body arts.