Across
- 3. This was exacted from conquered peoples by the Mexica (Aztec) in the form of in-kind goods and prisoners. Failure to pay was punished severely.
- 5. This is a general term for a system where tax collection is put in the hands of local, often corrupt, officials and then transported to the central government. The ottoman Empire used this system to collect its taxes.
- 8. The Safavid Dynasty was fanatical about this branch of Islam. The used it to gain religious legitimacy and were intolerant of other versions of Islam.
- 9. The “nobility” of India during the Mongol Period. These land owners were also tax farmers.
- 16. This is the building of huge structures often to display the wealth, authority, and religious devotion of rulers.
- 17. This was the title of the ruler of the Russian Empire. It was a derivation of “Caesar”.
- 19. This was the primary good traded in Eastern Russia. It was in high demand, and was also sought in North America in the same period (1450-1750).
- 20. The Aztec utilized this practice as part of their religious ceremonies. The Spanish were appalled and wrote a lot about it.
- 22. This was the branch of Islam that the Ottomans practiced, they solidified it in larger part in reaction to Safavid threats.
- 23. Deviating from the model of its predecessors Mali and Ghana, this West African State strongly encouraged the conversion of Islam among the lower classes.
- 24. This was a tax that was levied on non-Muslims in areas under Muslim Control.
- 25. This was a landless Serf who travelled East and expanded the Russian Empire, often at the expense of indigenous peoples.
- 27. This metal was the only way you could pay taxes in the later Ming Period. There were many long-term negative consequences of this policy. This metal was often brought to china by European Merchants via the Americas.
Down
- 1. This is the concept of religious legitimacy used in Europe during the Early-Modern Period. It was used as justification by rulers such as James I and Louis XIV.
- 2. This Empire to the East was the primary religious rival of the Ottoman Empire.
- 4. This war was a very bloody conflict in Central Europe rooted in the Split between Protestant and Catholic faiths.
- 6. This man was an absolute Monarch that wanted Russia to Emulate Western Europe.
- 7. This was started with the 95 thesis of Martin Luther, and ended with the “division” of Western Europe between Catholic and Protestant.
- 10. System of Recruitment of boys from the Balkans for use as Bureaucrats or Soldiers in the Ottoman State.
- 11. This was a gigantic palace structure built by Louis XIV to project power and corral the nobles. It was very expensive and put France into debt.
- 12. – The Longest, and often considered one of the greatest emperors of China. This Qing leader made military inroads into Central Asia and expanded Chinese territory.
- 13. Moscow would title itself the “Third Rome” showing its connection to this Empire that fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks.
- 14. This practice was when a widow would throw herself on a deceased husband’s funeral pyre.
- 15. With the advent of Gunpowder and the expansion of Russia and China into their territory, these groups, who had so long been influential in World History, became subjugated and relatively unimportant.
- 18. This was a corps of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire that were trained from a young age to fight for the Ottoman state. Though at first very effective, it became weak as it became hereditary and technologically inferior.
- 21. All Land-Based empires in the period 1450-1750 used this military technology to help expand and control their empires.
- 26. This developed in South Asia as a syncretic faith combining aspects of Hinduism and Islam.