Unit 3: The Early Republic & The First Five Presidents Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. of 1812: A conflict between the United States and Britain (1812-1815), caused by issues like impressment and trade restrictions.
  2. 5. Act of 1789: A law that established the federal judiciary system, including the Supreme Court and lower courts.
  3. 6. The British practice of capturing American sailors and forcing them into the British navy, which was one of the causes of the War of 1812.
  4. 7. Purchase: The 1803 acquisition by the United States of France's Louisiana Territory, which doubled the size of the U.S. and provided access to land west of the Mississippi River.
  5. 9. Government: A principle where governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution, to prevent tyranny.
  6. 11. A system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various regional (state) governments.
  7. 12. Hamilton: The first Secretary of the Treasury who established the national bank and supported a strong federal government.
  8. 16. of Confederation: The first constitution of the United States, in effect from 1781 to 1789, which established a weak central government and gave most powers to the states.
  9. 18. Adams: was the second President of the United States (1797-1801) and a Founding Father. He played a major role in the American Revolution and was a strong advocate for independence. During his presidency, he faced challenges like conflicts with France and the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts.
  10. 22. Ordinance of 1785: A law passed to regulate the sale and settlement of land in the western territories. It divided the land into townships to be sold to raise money for the federal government.
  11. 23. of Powers: The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches (executive, legislative, judicial) to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
  12. 25. Rebellion: A 1786-1787 uprising led by farmers in Massachusetts, protesting high taxes and debt. It highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and led to calls for a stronger federal government.
  13. 27. An example or standard set by an earlier event or decision. George Washington set many important precedents during his presidency.
  14. 29. A person who supported the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in the late 1780s, favoring a strong central government.
  15. 30. Doctrine: A U.S. policy, declared in 1823, that warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere, asserting U.S. influence in the region.
  16. 31. Monroe: The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825) who is known for the Monroe Doctrine, which opposed European colonialism in the Americas.
Down
  1. 1. and Balances: A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches to prevent abuse of power.
  2. 3. Officially approved or confirmed. For example, the U.S. Constitution was ratified by the states in 1788.
  3. 4. government and threatened states' rights and individual liberties.
  4. 8. A person who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, fearing it gave too much power to the
  5. 10. A group of advisors to the president, including the heads of the executive departments.
  6. 13. Ordinance of 1787: A policy that established the process for admitting new states from the Northwest Territory and prohibited slavery in the region.
  7. 14. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Written in 1798 and 1799 by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, these documents were responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts. They argued that states had the right to nullify (or cancel) federal laws they believed were unconstitutional, setting the stage for future debates about states' rights.
  8. 15. Rebellion: A 1794 uprising by farmers in Pennsylvania protesting a federal tax on whiskey. It was one of the first major tests of the new U.S. government’s authority.
  9. 17. Act: Also passed in 1798, it illegal to criticize the government, Congress, or the president in writing or speech. This law was highly controversial because it was seen as a violation of free speech, and many believed it was aimed at silencing political opposition.
  10. 19. Washington: The first President of the United States (1789-1797) and a key leader in the American Revolution. He set many important precedents as the first president, such as the creation of a cabinet.
  11. 20. and Clark Expedition: A journey led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804-1806) to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.
  12. 21. Madison: The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817), known as the "Father of the Constitution" for his role in drafting it. He led the country through the War of 1812, which was fought between the U.S. and Britain over issues like impressment and trade restrictions.
  13. 24. Acts: Passed in 1798 under President John Adams, were laws that allowed the president to deport foreigners considered dangerous to the U.S. and made it harder for new immigrants to become citizens. These acts were passed during a time of fear about foreign influence and conflict with France.
  14. 26. Hawks: A group of young congressmen, mostly from the South and West, who pushed for war against Britain in the lead-up to the War of 1812.
  15. 28. Jefferson: The third President of the United States (1801-1809) and the main author of the Declaration of Independence. He made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, which doubled the size of the United States by acquiring territory from France.