Across
- 2. a step of aerobic (oxygen required) cellular respiration; electrons from acetyl-CoA are transferred to NADH and FADH₂, which will carry electrons to the electron transport chain; also known as the citric acid cycle
- 4. a step of photosynthesis; uses ATP and NADPH (from light reactions) and CO₂ to build organic molecules such as glucose
- 7. amino acid sequence of a protein; held together by covalent peptide bonds from carboxyl group to amino group
- 9. two or more polypeptide chains (subunits) forming functional protein; held together by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds between amino acid R-groups
- 10. an electron carrier involved in photosynthesis; brings high-energy electrons from the light-dependent reactions to the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation
- 13. metabolic pathways that break down molecules (ex: cellular respiration); the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones together with the release of energy
- 18. a series of membrane proteins that uses the energy from high energy electrons to produce ATP
- 20. large protein that uses energy from protons (H+) diffusing down their concentration gradient to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
- 21. the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria; greatly increases the surface area
Down
- 1. 3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions; held together by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds between amino acid R-groups
- 3. coiling or folding of a polypeptide due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids; alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets
- 5. a step of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis where CO₂ from the air is incorporated into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms
- 6. a step of photosynthesis; uses energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
- 8. a step of aerobic (oxygen required) cellular respiration; electrons from NADH/FADH₂ are used in the electron transport chain to produce a large amount of ATP
- 11. when an endergonic (requires energy) reaction occurs because it is paired with an exergonic (releases energy) reaction
- 12. performs carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis; the most abundant protein on Earth
- 14. all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
- 15. the fluid portion of the chloroplast; the site of the Calvin cycle
- 16. a step of cellular respiration; breaks down glucose to produce pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and CO₂
- 17. metabolic pathways that build larger molecules (ex: photosynthesis); the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones together with the storage of energy
- 19. a highly folded, disk-shaped membrane compartment inside chloroplasts; the site of the light-dependent reactions